# Spanish — NDAs and Service Agreements Sub-Lexicon

Maps Spanish confidentiality and services vocabulary to correct English equivalents.
Covers NDAs / confidentiality agreements and undertakings, and service agreements of an
administrative or professional nature (SLAs, outsourcing, consultancy, managed services,
MSAs/SOWs).

See also `spanish-corporate-ma-jv.md` for M&A-context NDAs and `spanish-ip-it-technology.md` for
IT-specific service schedules.

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## Part 1 — NDAs / Confidentiality

### Core NDA Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| acuerdo de confidencialidad | non-disclosure agreement (NDA) / confidentiality agreement |
| acuerdo de no divulgación | non-disclosure agreement (NDA) |
| compromiso de confidencialidad | confidentiality undertaking |
| información confidencial / información reservada | confidential information |
| información propietaria | proprietary information |
| secretos empresariales / comerciales | trade secrets |
| parte reveladora / parte divulgadora | disclosing party |
| parte receptora | receiving party |
| finalidad autorizada / uso permitido | permitted purpose / permitted use |
| divulgación / revelación | disclosure |
| divulgación autorizada / permitida | permitted disclosure |
| obligación de confidencialidad | confidentiality obligation |
| obligación de no divulgación | non-disclosure obligation |
| obligación de no uso | non-use obligation |
| destinatarios autorizados | authorized recipients / permitted recipients |
| representantes | representatives |
| asesores | advisers |
| sociedades vinculadas / del grupo | affiliates |
| sin representación ni garantía de exactitud | no representation or warranty as to accuracy |
| sin compromiso vinculante | no binding commitment |
| reserva de propiedad intelectual | intellectual property reservation |
| cláusula de residuos | residuals clause |
| requisito de identificación / marcado como confidencial | marking requirement |

### M&A / Transactional NDA Provisions

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| cláusula de standstill / no agresión | standstill provision |
| no contratación de empleados | non-solicitation of employees |
| no elusión | non-circumvention |
| clean team / equipo limpio | clean team |
| data room / sala de datos | data room |
| reglas de la data room | data room rules |

### Exceptions and Exclusions

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| excepciones a la confidencialidad / exclusiones | exceptions to confidentiality / exclusions |
| información de dominio público | publicly available information |
| información que sea o pase a ser de dominio público | information that is or becomes publicly available |
| sin culpa de la parte receptora | through no fault of the receiving party |
| información desarrollada de forma independiente / autónoma | independently developed information |
| información ya en posesión | information already in possession |
| información recibida lícitamente de terceros | information received from a third party without restriction |
| divulgación exigida por ley | disclosure required by law |
| orden judicial o requerimiento de autoridad | order of a court or authority |
| obligación de notificación previa | obligation to give prior notice |
| denuncia / alerta (whistleblowing) | whistleblowing carve-out |

### Term and Remedies

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| periodo de confidencialidad | confidentiality period |
| supervivencia / pervivencia | survival |
| obligación de devolución | return obligation |
| obligación de destrucción | destruction obligation |
| certificación de destrucción | certification of destruction |
| excepción para copias de respaldo / archivo | back-up / archival exception |
| medidas cautelares | injunctive relief / interim measures |
| cumplimiento específico / ejecución forzosa | specific performance |
| daños y perjuicios | damages |
| daños liquidados / penalización contractual | liquidated damages |

### Mutual vs Unilateral

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| acuerdo bilateral / recíproco | mutual NDA / bilateral NDA |
| acuerdo unilateral | unilateral NDA / one-way NDA |
| cada parte en calidad de parte reveladora y receptora | each party acting as both disclosing party and receiving party |

### NDA Section Headings

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| DEFINICIONES | DEFINITIONS |
| OBLIGACIONES DE CONFIDENCIALIDAD | CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS |
| EXCLUSIONES / EXCEPCIONES | EXCLUSIONS |
| DIVULGACIÓN PERMITIDA | PERMITTED DISCLOSURE |
| SIN GARANTÍA | NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY |
| PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY |
| STANDSTILL / NO AGRESIÓN | STANDSTILL |
| NO CONTRATACIÓN | NON-SOLICITATION |
| DEVOLUCIÓN Y DESTRUCCIÓN | RETURN AND DESTRUCTION |
| DURACIÓN | TERM |
| RECURSOS / REMEDIOS | REMEDIES |
| LEY APLICABLE Y JURISDICCIÓN | GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION |
| DISPOSICIONES GENERALES | MISCELLANEOUS |

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## Part 2 — Service Agreements

### Core Service Agreement Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| contrato de prestación de servicios | service agreement |
| acuerdo de nivel de servicio / SLA | service level agreement (SLA) |
| contrato de externalización / outsourcing | outsourcing agreement |
| contrato de servicios gestionados | managed services agreement |
| contrato de consultoría / asesoramiento | consultancy agreement |
| contrato de asistencia técnica | technical assistance agreement |
| contrato de gestión | management agreement |
| contrato marco de servicios | master services agreement (MSA) |
| pedido / orden de trabajo / encargo de servicios | statement of work (SOW) / work order |
| prestador de servicios / proveedor | service provider / supplier |
| cliente | client / customer |
| prestaciones / servicios | services |
| alcance / ámbito de los servicios | scope of services |
| pliego de condiciones / especificaciones | specifications |
| niveles de servicio | service levels |
| indicadores clave de rendimiento (KPI) | key performance indicators (KPIs) |
| objetivos de nivel de servicio | service level objectives (SLOs) |
| tiempo de respuesta | response time |
| tiempo de resolución | resolution time |
| disponibilidad / uptime | availability / uptime |
| ventana de mantenimiento | maintenance window |
| entregable | deliverable |

### Fee and Payment Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| remuneración / honorarios | fees / charges |
| precio cerrado / precio fijo | fixed fee / lump-sum fee |
| precio por tiempo y materiales | time-and-materials fee |
| precio a coste más margen | cost-plus fee |
| tope máximo / importe máximo | cap / not-to-exceed amount |
| créditos de servicio | service credits |
| penalizaciones contractuales | liquidated damages / service credits |
| bonus por rendimiento | performance bonus |
| revisión / benchmarking de precios | benchmark review |
| condiciones de pago | payment terms |
| plazo de pago | payment period |
| facturación | invoicing |

### Acceptance and Handover

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| recepción / aceptación | acceptance |
| criterios de aceptación / recepción | acceptance criteria |
| pruebas de aceptación | acceptance testing |
| periodo de prueba / piloto | trial period / pilot period |
| aceptación tácita / presunta | deemed acceptance |
| traspaso / entrega | handover |
| plan de transición | transition plan |
| transición de entrada | on-boarding / transition-in |
| transición de salida | off-boarding / transition-out / exit assistance |
| plan de reversibilidad / plan de salida | exit plan / disengagement plan |

### Operational and Obligation Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| mesa de ayuda / servicio de soporte | help desk / service desk |
| ticket / incidencia | ticket / service request |
| incidente | incident |
| problema | problem |
| escalado | escalation |
| prioridad / severidad | priority / severity level |
| informe periódico | periodic report / service report |
| reunión de seguimiento | review meeting |
| gobernanza del contrato | contract governance |
| responsable del contrato | contract manager |
| punto de contacto | point of contact |
| comité de seguimiento / dirección | steering committee / governance committee |
| personal clave | key personnel |
| obligación de medios | best-efforts / reasonable-care obligation |
| obligación de resultado | strict obligation / obligation to achieve a specific result |

### Legal and Commercial Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| duración inicial | initial term |
| prórroga / renovación | renewal |
| prórroga tácita / renovación automática | automatic renewal |
| preaviso de no renovación | notice of non-renewal |
| resolución por conveniencia / desistimiento unilateral | termination for convenience |
| resolución por incumplimiento | termination for cause / termination for default |
| incumplimiento grave | material breach |
| periodo de subsanación | cure period / remedy period |
| cambio de control | change of control |
| preaviso | notice period |
| fuerza mayor / caso fortuito | force majeure |
| limitación de responsabilidad | limitation of liability |
| tope de responsabilidad | liability cap |
| daños excluidos / indirectos / consecuenciales | excluded losses / indirect and consequential damages |
| indemnización | indemnity |
| periodo de garantía | warranty period |
| responsabilidad por vicios / defectos | defects liability |
| seguro de responsabilidad civil profesional | professional indemnity insurance |
| seguro de responsabilidad civil | public liability insurance |
| seguro ciber | cyber liability insurance |
| propiedad intelectual preexistente / generada | background IP / foreground IP |
| licencia de retorno | license-back |
| datos de carácter personal | personal data |
| tratamiento de datos | data processing |
| encargado del tratamiento | data processor |
| responsable del tratamiento | data controller |
| contrato de encargo de tratamiento / DPA | data processing agreement (DPA) |
| subencargado | sub-processor |
| subcontratación | subcontracting |
| subcontratista | subcontractor |
| traslado de obligaciones (flow-down) | flow-down |

### Service Agreement Section Headings

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| OBJETO | PURPOSE / SCOPE |
| ALCANCE DE LOS SERVICIOS | SCOPE OF SERVICES |
| REMUNERACIÓN Y PAGO | FEES AND PAYMENT |
| DURACIÓN Y RESOLUCIÓN | TERM AND TERMINATION |
| OBLIGACIONES DEL PROVEEDOR | PROVIDER'S OBLIGATIONS |
| OBLIGACIONES DEL CLIENTE | CLIENT'S OBLIGATIONS |
| ACEPTACIÓN | ACCEPTANCE |
| TRANSICIÓN / REVERSIBILIDAD | HANDOVER / TRANSITION |
| SEGUROS | INSURANCE |
| CONFIDENCIALIDAD | CONFIDENTIALITY |
| PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS | DATA PROTECTION |
| RESPONSABILIDAD / LIMITACIÓN DE RESPONSABILIDAD | LIABILITY / LIMITATION OF LIABILITY |
| FUERZA MAYOR | FORCE MAJEURE |

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## Notes

- **"Medidas cautelares"**: Interim protective measures under Spanish civil procedure.
  Translate as "injunctive relief" or "interim measures" depending on remedy sought.
- **"Ejecución forzosa"**: Civil-law equivalent of "specific performance".
- **"Obligación de medios" vs "obligación de resultado"**: Civil-law distinction.
  Means-obligation = reasonable diligence without guaranteed outcome; result-obligation =
  strict obligation to achieve the outcome. Translate with context as appropriate.
- **"Arrendamiento de servicios" vs "contrato de obra"**: Under Spanish Civil Code
  (Art. 1544 and Art. 1588 et seq.), "arrendamiento de servicios" is a services contract
  (obligation of means); "contrato de obra" is a works contract (obligation of result).
  Both may appear in service-agreement contexts.
- **"Resolución" vs "rescisión" vs "desistimiento"**: "Resolución" = termination for
  breach; "rescisión" = rescission (narrower, typically for specific civil-code grounds);
  "desistimiento" = unilateral withdrawal (convenience).
- **"Penalización"** in SLA context: Prefer "service credits" over "penalties" per
  standard English SLA convention. In non-SLA commercial contexts, use "liquidated
  damages" rather than "penalty" (unenforceable under English law).
- **"Reversibilidad"**: Translate as "exit assistance" or "transition-out services";
  "plan de reversibilidad" → "exit plan" or "disengagement plan".
