# Portuguese — Transport and Insurance Sub-Lexicon

Combines Portuguese-language transport and insurance vocabulary. Part 1 covers maritime, road, rail, air and multimodal transport: carriage contracts, bills of lading, charterparties, freight forwarding, carrier liability. Part 2 covers insurance contracts, life and non-life lines, reinsurance, brokers, claims handling and regulatory framework. Marine/transport insurance (cargo, hull, P&I, carrier liability) sits at the intersection.

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## Part 1 — Transport and Shipping

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Portuguese shipping and transport legal
terms to their correct English equivalents.

## Core Shipping Terms

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| contrato de transporte | contract of carriage |
| contrato de transporte marítimo | contract of carriage by sea |
| carta-partida / fretamento | charter party |
| fretamento a tempo / time charter | time charter |
| fretamento por viagem / voyage charter | voyage charter |
| fretamento a casco nu / bareboat charter | bareboat charter / demise charter |
| conhecimento de embarque | bill of lading (B/L) |
| conhecimento de embarque a bordo | on-board bill of lading |
| conhecimento de embarque recebido para embarque | received-for-shipment bill of lading |
| conhecimento de embarque direto | through bill of lading |
| conhecimento de embarque à ordem | order bill of lading |
| carta de porte marítimo | sea waybill |
| armador | shipowner |
| transportador | carrier |
| carregador / expedidor | shipper |
| destinatário / consignatário | consignee |
| carga / mercadoria | cargo / freight |
| carga geral | general cargo |
| carga a granel | bulk cargo |
| carga contentorizada | containerised (UK) / containerized (US) cargo |
| porto de carga / porto de embarque | port of loading |
| porto de descarga / porto de destino | port of discharge / port of destination |
| sobrestadia / demurrage | demurrage |
| detenção | detention |
| estadia / laytime | laytime |
| despatch / prémio de celeridade | dispatch / despatch money |
| avaria | average (maritime) |
| avaria grossa | general average |
| avaria particular | particular average |
| salvamento / assistência marítima | salvage |

## Land Transport Terms

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| transportador (terrestre) | carrier (road/rail) |
| contrato de expedição / transitário | freight forwarding agreement |
| transitário / agente de carga | freight forwarder |
| guia de transporte CMR | CMR consignment note |
| guia de transporte CIM | CIM consignment note |
| transporte multimodal / transporte combinado | multimodal transport / combined transport |
| seguro de transporte | cargo insurance / transport insurance |
| mercadorias / bens | goods / cargo |
| mercadorias perigosas | dangerous goods / hazardous goods |
| peso de carga | loading weight |
| capacidade de carga | carrying capacity / payload |
| transbordo | transhipment (UK) / transshipment (US) |
| contrato de armazenagem | warehousing agreement / storage agreement |
| depositário / fiel depositário | warehouseman / warehouse keeper |
| certificado de depósito | warehouse receipt |

## Insurance and Liability Terms

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| seguro marítimo | marine insurance |
| seguro de casco e máquinas | hull and machinery insurance |
| seguro P&I | protection and indemnity (P&I) insurance |
| seguro de mercadorias em trânsito | goods-in-transit insurance |
| limitação de responsabilidade (direito marítimo) | limitation of liability (maritime law) |
| exclusão de responsabilidade (transporte) | exclusion of liability (transport) |
| culpa do transportador | fault of the carrier |
| responsabilidade pela custódia | custody liability |
| aviso de sinistro (transporte) | notice of claim / notice of loss |
| reclamação | complaint / claim |
| culpa do lesado / culpa concorrente | contributory negligence |
| protesto marítimo | sea protest / maritime protest |

## Port and Terminal Terms

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| porto | port / harbour (UK) / harbor (US) |
| autoridade portuária | port authority |
| terminal | terminal |
| cais | quay / wharf |
| fundeadouro / ancoradouro | anchorage |
| piloto / prático | pilot |
| rebocador | tug / tugboat |
| taxas portuárias | port charges / harbour (UK) / harbor (US) dues |
| taxas de acostagem | berth charges |
| taxas de armazenagem (porto) | storage charges |
| desalfandegamento | customs clearance |
| armazém de regime aduaneiro | bonded warehouse |

## Incoterms and Trade Terms

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| condições de entrega / Incoterms | delivery terms / Incoterms |
| FOB (Free on Board) | free on board (FOB) |
| CIF (Custo, Seguro e Frete) | cost, insurance and freight (CIF) |
| DDP (Entregue com Direitos Pagos) | delivered duty paid (DDP) |
| DAP (Entregue no Local) | delivered at place (DAP) |
| EXW (Na Fábrica) | ex works (EXW) |
| FAS (Livre ao Lado do Navio) | free alongside ship (FAS) |

## Section Headings

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| OBJETO | SUBJECT MATTER |
| OBRIGAÇÕES DO TRANSPORTADOR | CARRIER'S OBLIGATIONS |
| FRETE / REMUNERAÇÃO | FREIGHT / REMUNERATION |
| RESPONSABILIDADE DO TRANSPORTADOR | CARRIER'S LIABILITY |
| SEGURO | INSURANCE |
| CONDIÇÕES DE ENTREGA | DELIVERY TERMS |
| TRANSFERÊNCIA DO RISCO | PASSING OF RISK |
| AVISO DE SINISTRO | NOTICE OF CLAIM |
| PRESCRIÇÃO | LIMITATION |
| DISPOSIÇÕES GERAIS | MISCELLANEOUS |

## Notes

- **Portuguese maritime law**: Portugal's maritime legal framework includes the Código
  Comercial (Book III on maritime commerce) and various special legislation. Portugal is
  party to major maritime conventions. Reference the Código Comercial as "Commercial Code"
  on first mention.
- **CMR Convention**: Portugal is a contracting state to the Convention on the Contract
  for the International Carriage of Goods by Road. Reference as "CMR Convention" on first
  mention.
- **"Avaria grossa"**: General average — the principle that all parties to a sea voyage
  proportionally share losses from voluntary sacrifice. Follow York-Antwerp Rules
  terminology when translating.
- **"Transitário"**: The Portuguese term for a freight forwarder — a party that arranges
  transport but does not necessarily carry the goods. Subject to DL 255/99. Translate as
  "freight forwarder".
- **"Conhecimento de embarque"**: The bill of lading — a document of title, receipt for
  goods, and evidence of the contract of carriage. Portuguese maritime practice follows
  international conventions (Hague-Visby Rules).
- **Portuguese port authorities**: Major ports (Lisbon, Leixões, Sines, Setúbal) are
  managed by port administrations (Administrações Portuárias). Keep names and translate
  on first mention.

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## Part 2 — Insurance and Reinsurance

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Portuguese insurance legal terms to their
correct English equivalents.

## Core Insurance Terms

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| contrato de seguro | insurance contract / insurance policy |
| apólice de seguro | policy |
| condições gerais | general conditions / policy wording |
| condições particulares | particular conditions / policy schedule |
| condições especiais | special conditions |
| aditamento / endosso | endorsement / rider |
| segurado | insured / assured |
| tomador do seguro | policyholder |
| segurador / companhia de seguros | insurer / insurance company |
| ressegurador | reinsurer |
| mediador de seguros / corretor de seguros | insurance broker |
| agente de seguros | insurance agent |
| beneficiário | beneficiary |
| prémio de seguro | premium |
| franquia | excess (UK) / deductible (US) |
| capital seguro / limite da cobertura | policy limit / sum insured |
| cobertura | cover / coverage |
| período de seguro | policy period / period of cover |
| sinistro | claim / loss |
| participação de sinistro / aviso de sinistro | notice of claim / loss notification |
| indemnização / prestação do seguro | indemnity / claim payment |
| regularização de sinistros | loss adjustment / claims handling |
| perito avaliador / perito de sinistros | loss adjuster / surveyor |
| sub-rogação | subrogation |
| perda do direito à indemnização | forfeiture of cover |
| exclusão | exclusion |
| cancelamento / anulação | cancellation |
| não renovação | non-renewal |
| prescrição (seguros) | limitation period |

## Types of Insurance

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| seguro de responsabilidade civil | liability insurance / third-party liability insurance |
| seguro de responsabilidade civil profissional | professional indemnity insurance (UK) / errors and omissions insurance (US) |
| seguro de construção / CAR | contractor's all risks insurance (CAR) |
| seguro de bens / seguro patrimonial | property insurance |
| seguro de vida | life insurance |
| seguro de grupo | group insurance |
| seguro de crédito | credit insurance |
| seguro-caução | surety bond insurance |
| seguro de interrupção de negócio | business interruption insurance |
| seguro de transporte / seguro marítimo | marine insurance / cargo insurance |
| seguro de responsabilidade civil de administradores e diretores (D&O) | directors' and officers' liability insurance (D&O) |
| seguro multirriscos | multi-peril insurance |
| seguro obrigatório | compulsory insurance |

## Reinsurance Terms

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| contrato de resseguro | reinsurance treaty |
| resseguro proporcional | proportional reinsurance |
| resseguro não proporcional / excesso de sinistros | non-proportional reinsurance / excess of loss |
| cedente | cedant / ceding company |
| retrocessão | retrocession |
| nota de cobertura | cover note / binder |
| bordereau | bordereau |
| taxa de sinistralidade | loss ratio |
| prémio de resseguro | reinsurance premium |
| comissão de resseguro | reinsurance commission / ceding commission |

## Section Headings

| Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
| DEFINIÇÕES | DEFINITIONS |
| OBJETO DO SEGURO | SCOPE OF COVER |
| EXCLUSÕES | EXCLUSIONS |
| PRÉMIO | PREMIUM |
| PARTICIPAÇÃO E REGULARIZAÇÃO DE SINISTROS | CLAIMS NOTIFICATION AND HANDLING |
| CANCELAMENTO | CANCELLATION |
| DURAÇÃO DO SEGURO | TERM / PERIOD OF INSURANCE |

## Notes

- **Lei do Contrato de Seguro (DL 72/2008)**: Portugal's Insurance Contract Act — the
  principal statute governing insurance contracts. Reference as "Insurance Contract Act
  (DL 72/2008)" on first mention.
- **ASF (Autoridade de Supervisão de Seguros e Fundos de Pensões)**: Portugal's insurance
  and pension funds supervisory authority. Reference as "Portuguese Insurance and Pension
  Funds Supervisory Authority (ASF)" on first mention.
- **"Franquia"**: Translates as "deductible" or "excess" (UK). Portuguese policies may
  distinguish between "franquia absoluta" (absolute deductible — insurer pays only above
  the threshold) and "franquia relativa" (relative deductible — insurer pays in full once
  the threshold is exceeded).
- **"Seguro-caução"**: A form of guarantee insurance where the insurer guarantees the
  policyholder's obligations to a third party. Commonly used in public procurement.
  Translate as "surety bond insurance" or "guarantee insurance".
- **"Tomador do seguro" vs "segurado"**: The tomador is the person who contracts with
  the insurer (policyholder); the segurado is the person whose risk is covered (insured).
  They may be different persons. Maintain the distinction in translation.
