# Japanese — NDAs and Service Agreements Sub-Lexicon

Maps Japanese confidentiality and services vocabulary to correct English equivalents.
Covers 秘密保持契約 (NDA), 守秘義務契約, and 業務委託契約, 請負契約, 委任/準委任契約,
コンサルティング契約, 顧問契約, マスターサービス契約 (MSA) and 個別契約/SOW.

See also `japanese-corporate-ma-jv.md` and `japanese-ip-it-technology.md`.

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## Part 1 — NDAs / 秘密保持

### Core NDA Terms

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 秘密保持契約 (NDA) | non-disclosure agreement (NDA) |
| 守秘義務契約 | confidentiality agreement |
| 秘密保持に関する覚書 | memorandum on confidentiality |
| 片務NDA / 一方開示型 | unilateral NDA / one-way NDA |
| 双務NDA / 双方開示型 | mutual NDA / bilateral NDA |
| 開示当事者 / 開示者 | disclosing party |
| 受領当事者 / 受領者 | receiving party |
| 秘密情報 / 機密情報 | confidential information |
| 専有情報 | proprietary information |
| 営業秘密 / 企業秘密 | trade secret |
| 開示 | disclosure |
| 受領 | receipt |
| 秘密保持義務 | duty of confidentiality / confidentiality obligation |
| 目的 / 使用目的 | purpose / permitted purpose |
| 目的外使用の禁止 | prohibition on use outside the permitted purpose / non-use obligation |
| 秘密指定 / 秘密の表示 | confidentiality marking / marking requirement |
| 書面による指定 | written designation |
| 口頭開示の書面確認 | written confirmation of oral disclosure |
| 許可された開示先 | permitted disclosees / authorised recipients |
| 役員及び従業員 | officers and employees |
| 関連会社 / グループ会社 | affiliates / group companies |
| 弁護士・会計士等の専門家 | legal and accounting advisers |
| 知る必要のある者 | need-to-know basis |
| 再開示の制限 | restriction on onward disclosure |
| 複写・複製の制限 | restriction on copying |
| リバースエンジニアリングの禁止 | prohibition on reverse engineering |
| 正確性・完全性の保証なし | no representation or warranty as to accuracy |
| 拘束力のある確約の不存在 | no binding commitment |
| 知的財産権の留保 | intellectual property reservation |
| 残存情報条項 | residuals clause |

### M&A / Transactional NDA Provisions

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| スタンドスティル条項 | standstill provision |
| 従業員引抜き禁止 | non-solicitation of employees |
| 迂回禁止 | non-circumvention |
| クリーンチーム | clean team |
| データルーム | data room |
| データルーム規則 | data room rules |

### Exceptions and Exclusions

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 秘密情報の例外 | exceptions to confidentiality / exclusions |
| 公知の事実 / 公知の情報 | publicly available information / information in the public domain |
| 受領時に既に保有していた情報 | information already in the recipient's possession |
| 独自に開発した情報 | independently developed information |
| 第三者から正当に取得した情報 | information lawfully received from a third party |
| 開示を法令上義務付けられた情報 | disclosure required by law |
| 裁判所又は行政庁の命令 | order of a court or authority |
| 事前通知義務 | obligation to give prior notice |
| 公益通報者 / 内部通報 | whistleblowing carve-out |

### Obligations and Standard of Care

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 善管注意義務 | duty of care (of a good manager) (Art. 644 Civil Code) |
| 自己の秘密情報と同等の注意 | same degree of care as for own confidential information |
| 第三者への開示禁止 | prohibition on disclosure to third parties |

### Term, Return and Remedies

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 秘密保持期間 | confidentiality period |
| 有効期間 | term / duration |
| 残存条項 | survival (of obligations) |
| 秘密情報の返還 | return of confidential information |
| 秘密情報の廃棄 | destruction of confidential information |
| 残存コピーの廃棄 | destruction of residual copies |
| 廃棄証明書 | certificate of destruction |
| バックアップ / アーカイブ例外 | back-up / archival exception |
| 差止請求 | injunctive relief |
| 仮処分 | provisional injunction / interim measures |
| 損害賠償請求 | claim for damages |
| 違約金 | contractual penalty / liquidated damages |
| 不正競争防止法に基づく救済 | remedies under the Unfair Competition Prevention Act |
| 営業秘密の不正取得 | misappropriation of trade secrets |
| 秘密保持義務違反 | breach of confidentiality obligation |

### NDA Section Headings

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 定義 | DEFINITIONS |
| 秘密情報 | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION |
| 使用制限 | RESTRICTIONS ON USE |
| 例外 | EXCEPTIONS |
| 返還及び廃棄 | RETURN AND DESTRUCTION |
| 救済 | REMEDIES |
| 準拠法及び管轄 | GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION |
| 一般条項 | MISCELLANEOUS |

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## Part 2 — Service Agreements (業務委託・請負・委任)

### Core Service Agreement Terms

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 業務委託契約 | service agreement / outsourcing agreement |
| 請負契約 | contract for work (ukeoi) |
| 委任契約 / 準委任契約 | mandate contract / quasi-mandate contract |
| SLA / サービスレベル契約 | service level agreement (SLA) |
| アウトソーシング契約 | outsourcing agreement |
| マネージドサービス契約 | managed services agreement |
| コンサルティング契約 | consulting agreement / consultancy agreement |
| 顧問契約 | advisory agreement / retainer agreement |
| 保守契約 | maintenance agreement |
| マスターサービス契約 (MSA) / 基本契約 | master services agreement (MSA) / framework agreement |
| 個別契約 / 個別発注書 | individual contract / statement of work (SOW) / work order |
| 再委託契約 | subcontracting agreement |
| サービス提供者 / 受託者 | service provider / contractor |
| 委託者 / 発注者 | client / principal |
| 下請業者 / 再委託先 | subcontractor |
| 業務範囲 / 対象業務 | scope of services / scope of work |
| サービス仕様 | service specifications |
| サービスレベル | service levels |
| 重要業績評価指標 (KPI) | key performance indicators (KPIs) |
| サービスレベル目標 (SLO) | service level objectives (SLOs) |
| 応答時間 | response time |
| 解決時間 | resolution time |
| 可用性 / 稼働率 | availability / uptime |
| メンテナンスウィンドウ | maintenance window |
| 成果物 / 納品物 | deliverables |
| マイルストーン | milestone |

### Fee and Payment Terms

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 報酬 / 対価 | fee / remuneration |
| 固定報酬 | fixed fee / lump sum |
| 時間単価 / 時間報酬 | hourly rate |
| 日額報酬 | daily rate |
| タイム・アンド・マテリアル報酬 | time-and-materials fee |
| コストプラス報酬 | cost-plus fee |
| 上限額 / 最高額 | cap / not-to-exceed amount |
| サービスクレジット | service credits |
| 成功報酬 | success fee / contingency fee |
| 業績連動ボーナス | performance bonus |
| ベンチマーク見直し | benchmark review |
| 月額報酬 / 月額固定費 | monthly retainer |
| 実費 / 立替費用 | expenses / out-of-pocket costs |
| 請求書 | invoice |
| 支払期限 | payment due date |
| 支払条件 | payment terms |
| 遅延利息 / 遅延損害金 | late payment interest / default interest |
| 源泉徴収 | withholding tax |
| 消費税 | consumption tax (VAT equivalent) |

### Acceptance and Handover

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 検収 / 受入検査 | acceptance / acceptance testing |
| 検収基準 | acceptance criteria |
| 検収期間 | acceptance period |
| 試用期間 / パイロット期間 | trial period / pilot period |
| みなし検収 | deemed acceptance |
| 不合格 / 不適合 | rejection / non-conformity |
| 是正 / 修補 | rectification / cure / rework |
| 引渡し / 引継ぎ | handover |
| 移行計画 | transition plan |
| 導入移行 | on-boarding / transition-in |
| 撤退移行 / 退出移行 | off-boarding / transition-out / exit assistance |
| 出口計画 / 撤退計画 | exit plan / disengagement plan |

### Operational and Obligation Terms

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 報告義務 | reporting obligation |
| 協力義務 | duty to cooperate |
| 再委託 | subcontracting / sub-delegation |
| 再委託の制限 | restriction on subcontracting |
| ヘルプデスク / サービスデスク | help desk / service desk |
| チケット / サービスリクエスト | ticket / service request |
| インシデント | incident |
| 問題 | problem |
| エスカレーション | escalation |
| 優先度 / 重大度 | priority / severity level |
| 定期報告 / サービスレポート | periodic report / service report |
| レビューミーティング | review meeting |
| 契約ガバナンス | contract governance |
| 契約責任者 | contract manager |
| 連絡窓口 | point of contact |
| ステアリングコミッティ / 運営委員会 | steering committee / governance committee |
| キーパーソン / 主要人員 | key personnel |

### Legal and Commercial Terms

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 当初期間 | initial term |
| 更新 | renewal |
| 自動更新 | automatic renewal |
| 不更新の通知 | notice of non-renewal |
| 任意解除 / 都合による解除 | termination for convenience |
| 債務不履行による解除 | termination for cause / termination for breach |
| 重大な契約違反 | material breach |
| 催告期間 / 是正期間 | cure period / remedy period |
| 支配権の変更 | change of control |
| 予告期間 | notice period |
| 不可抗力 | force majeure |
| 損害賠償の上限 | limitation of liability / liability cap |
| 免責 | exclusion of liability |
| 除外損害 / 間接損害 / 派生損害 | excluded losses / indirect and consequential damages |
| 直接損害 | direct damages |
| 逸失利益 | loss of profits |
| 瑕疵担保責任 (旧) / 契約不適合責任 (新) | defect warranty (old) / non-conformity liability (new, post-2020 Civil Code reform) |
| 保証期間 | warranty period |
| 補償 / 免責補償 | indemnity |
| 職業賠償責任保険 | professional indemnity insurance |
| 一般賠償責任保険 | public liability insurance |
| サイバー保険 | cyber liability insurance |
| 知的財産権 | intellectual property |
| 知的財産権の帰属 | ownership of intellectual property |
| 著作権 | copyright |
| 著作権の帰属 | copyright ownership |
| 成果物の著作権 | copyright in the deliverables |
| 職務著作 | work made for hire / employee's work |
| 著作者人格権 | moral rights |
| 著作者人格権の不行使 | waiver of moral rights / non-assertion of moral rights |
| バックグラウンドIP / フォアグラウンドIP | background IP / foreground IP |
| ライセンスバック | licence-back |
| 個人情報 | personal data / personal information |
| 個人情報の取扱い | handling of personal data |
| 受託処理者 | data processor |
| 管理者 | data controller |
| データ処理契約 | data processing agreement (DPA) |
| 再受託処理者 | sub-processor |
| 義務の再委託 (flow-down) | flow-down |

### Service Agreement Section Headings

| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| 業務内容 / 対象業務 | PURPOSE / SCOPE OF SERVICES |
| 納品及び検収 | DELIVERY AND ACCEPTANCE |
| 移行 / 退出 | HANDOVER / TRANSITION |
| 保険 | INSURANCE |
| 契約不適合責任 | NON-CONFORMITY LIABILITY |
| 秘密保持 | CONFIDENTIALITY |
| 個人情報保護 | DATA PROTECTION |
| 損害賠償 / 責任 | LIABILITY |
| 解除 / 終了 | TERMINATION |

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## Notes

- **"営業秘密" under the Unfair Competition Prevention Act**: Japanese trade secret
  protection requires three elements: (1) secrecy management (秘密管理性),
  (2) useful information (有用性), and (3) non-public nature (非公知性). The NDA
  should be drafted to reinforce secrecy management. Flag this requirement.
- **"善管注意義務" (duty of care of a good manager)**: The default care standard in
  Japanese civil law (Art. 644 Civil Code). In NDAs, it defines the receiving
  party's standard of protection. Some NDAs specify "自己の秘密情報と同等の注意"
  (same care as for own information) instead. Translate as "duty of care (of a good
  manager)" or simply "duty of care".
- **Moral rights and confidential information**: If confidential information
  includes copyrighted works, Japanese copyright law's moral rights provisions
  apply. Moral rights are non-transferable under Japanese law — standard practice is a
  "non-assertion" clause (著作者人格権の不行使). Translate as "non-assertion of moral
  rights" and note the legal limitation.
- **"差止請求" (injunctive relief)**: Japanese courts can grant injunctions for
  trade-secret misappropriation under the Unfair Competition Prevention Act. The
  NDA should reference this statutory basis.
- **No statutory NDA form**: Japan has no prescribed NDA format. The Japan
  Intellectual Property Association (JIPA) publishes model confidentiality
  agreements commonly referenced in practice.
- **"業務委託契約"**: The most common Japanese service-agreement title. Does not map
  to a single Civil Code contract type — may be classified as 請負 (contract for
  work) or 委任/準委任 (mandate) depending on the nature of the obligations. The
  classification affects risk allocation (warranty obligations in particular).
  Always identify the applicable type.
- **"請負" vs "委任/準委任"**: 請負 (ukeoi) is a results-based obligation — the
  contractor must deliver a completed work product. 委任/準委任 is a best-efforts
  obligation — the provider performs services diligently but does not guarantee a
  specific result. Fundamental distinction — translate accordingly.
- **2020 Civil Code reform — "契約不適合責任"**: The new warranty regime replaces
  the old "瑕疵担保責任" (defect warranty). The client now has rights to cure,
  price reduction, damages, and termination for "non-conformity with the
  contract". Flag pre-reform vs post-reform terminology.
- **"下請法" (Subcontract Act)**: If the client is a large enterprise and the
  provider is an SME, the Subcontract Act may apply, imposing obligations on the
  client (e.g., written orders, prohibition of payment delays). Flag when the
  parties' size suggests applicability.
- **"消費税" (consumption tax)**: Japan's VAT-equivalent consumption tax applies to
  services. Standard rate 10% (8% reduced rate for certain items). Reverse charge
  applies for certain cross-border services.
