# Chinese (Mandarin) — Employment Sub-Lexicon

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Chinese (Mandarin) employment legal terms
to their correct English equivalents.

## Core Employment Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 劳动合同 | employment contract / labour (UK) / labor (US) contract |
| 劳动关系 | employment relationship / labour (UK) / labor (US) relationship |
| 用人单位 / 雇主 | employer |
| 劳动者 / 员工 | employee / worker |
| 高级管理人员 | senior management / executive |
| 固定期限劳动合同 | fixed-term employment contract |
| 无固定期限劳动合同 | open-ended employment contract / permanent contract |
| 以完成一定工作任务为期限的劳动合同 | task-based employment contract |
| 劳务派遣 | labour (UK) / labor (US) dispatch / temporary staffing |
| 劳务派遣单位 | dispatching agency / staffing agency |
| 被派遣劳动者 | dispatched worker |
| 劳务外包 | labour (UK) / labor (US) outsourcing |
| 独立承包商 / 自由职业者 | independent contractor / freelancer |
| 事实劳动关系 | de facto employment relationship |
| 试用期 | probationary period / trial period |
| 岗位 / 工作职责 | position / job description |
| 工作地点 | place of work |
| 工作时间 / 工时 | working hours / working time |
| 标准工时制 | standard working hours system |
| 综合计算工时制 | comprehensive working hours system |
| 不定时工时制 | flexible working hours system |
| 加班 / 加班费 | overtime / overtime pay |
| 远程办公 / 居家办公 | remote work / working from home |

## Remuneration Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 工资 / 薪酬 | wages / salary / remuneration |
| 基本工资 | base salary |
| 税前工资 | gross salary |
| 税后工资 | net salary |
| 绩效奖金 / 浮动薪酬 | performance bonus / variable remuneration |
| 年终奖 | year-end bonus / annual bonus |
| 十三薪 | 13th month salary |
| 补贴 / 津贴 | allowance / subsidy |
| 餐补 | meal allowance |
| 交通补贴 | transport allowance |
| 住房公积金 | housing provident fund |
| 社会保险 (五险) | social insurance (five insurances) |
| 养老保险 | pension insurance |
| 医疗保险 | medical insurance |
| 失业保险 | unemployment insurance |
| 工伤保险 | work injury insurance |
| 生育保险 | maternity insurance |
| 企业年金 / 补充养老保险 | enterprise annuity / supplementary pension |
| 股权激励 / 期权 | equity incentive / stock options |
| 经济补偿 (N/N+1) | statutory severance (N/N+1) |
| 赔偿金 (2N) | compensation for unlawful termination (2N) |

## Leave and Absence Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 年休假 / 年假 | annual leave |
| 法定年休假 | statutory annual leave |
| 未休年假工资 | payment in lieu of untaken annual leave |
| 病假 | sick leave |
| 医疗期 | medical treatment period |
| 事假 | personal leave |
| 婚假 | marriage leave |
| 丧假 | bereavement leave |
| 产假 | maternity leave |
| 陪产假 / 护理假 | paternity leave |
| 育儿假 | parental leave / childcare leave |
| 哺乳假 / 哺乳时间 | breastfeeding leave / nursing time |
| 工伤假 | work injury leave |
| 带薪休假 | paid leave |
| 无薪假 | unpaid leave |

## Termination Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 劳动合同解除 / 终止 | termination of employment |
| 协商解除 | termination by mutual agreement |
| 劳动者单方解除 (预告) | resignation with notice |
| 劳动者单方解除 (即时) | resignation without notice (for employer's breach) |
| 用人单位单方解除 (过错性) | dismissal for cause |
| 用人单位单方解除 (非过错性) | dismissal without fault (with notice/payment in lieu) |
| 经济性裁员 | economic redundancy / mass layoff |
| 试用期内解除 | termination during probation |
| 预告通知 / 提前30天通知 | 30-day prior notice |
| 代通知金 (N+1中的"+1") | payment in lieu of notice |
| 严重违反规章制度 | serious violation of employer's rules |
| 严重失职 | gross negligence / dereliction of duty |
| 不能胜任工作 | incompetence / inability to perform the job |
| 医疗期满后不能从事工作 | inability to work after expiry of medical treatment period |
| 客观情况发生重大变化 | material change in objective circumstances |
| 劳动合同期满终止 | expiry of the fixed-term contract |
| 经济补偿金 | statutory severance payment |
| N (工龄×月工资) | N (years of service × monthly salary) |
| 违法解除赔偿金 (2N) | compensation for unlawful dismissal (2N) |
| 劳动仲裁 | labour (UK) / labor (US) arbitration |
| 劳动争议仲裁委员会 | Labour (UK) / Labor (US) Dispute Arbitration Committee |
| 劳动争议诉讼 | employment litigation |
| 离职证明 | certificate of termination / separation certificate |
| 工作交接 | handover / transition |
| 竞业限制期间 | non-compete restriction period |

## Collective Labor Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 工会 | trade union (UK) / labor union (US) |
| 中华全国总工会 (全总) | All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) |
| 集体合同 | collective contract / collective bargaining agreement |
| 职工代表大会 | workers' congress / employee representative assembly |
| 民主管理 | democratic management |
| 集体协商 | collective consultation / collective bargaining |

## Non-Compete and Confidentiality Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 竞业限制 / 竞业禁止 | non-compete / post-employment non-compete |
| 竞业限制补偿金 | non-compete compensation |
| 竞业限制违约金 | non-compete penalty / liquidated damages for breach |
| 保密义务 / 保密条款 | duty of confidentiality / confidentiality clause |
| 保密协议 (劳动) | employment NDA |
| 知识产权归属条款 | IP ownership clause |
| 服务期协议 / 培训服务期 | service period agreement / training bond |
| 培训违约金 | training cost repayment / penalty for early departure |
| 招揽限制 / 非招揽条款 | non-solicitation clause |

## Section Headings

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 合同双方 | PARTIES |
| 工作岗位与职责 | DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES |
| 薪酬待遇 | REMUNERATION |
| 工作时间 | WORKING HOURS |
| 休假 | LEAVE |
| 社会保险与福利 | SOCIAL INSURANCE AND BENEFITS |
| 劳动合同的解除与终止 | TERMINATION |
| 竞业限制 | NON-COMPETE |
| 保密 | CONFIDENTIALITY |
| 附则 | FINAL PROVISIONS |

## Notes

- **PRC Labor Contract Law (劳动合同法)**: Enacted 2007, amended 2012. The principal
  statute governing individual employment relationships. Reference as "Labor Contract
  Law" on first mention.
- **"经济补偿金" (statutory severance — "N")**: Calculated as one month's salary per year
  of service (Art. 47 Labor Contract Law). Monthly salary is capped at three times the
  local average salary; total years capped at 12 for high earners. The "+1" in "N+1"
  is one month's payment in lieu of 30-day notice. "2N" applies to unlawful dismissal.
- **"劳动仲裁前置"**: Labor disputes must first go through arbitration (labor dispute
  arbitration committee) before litigation. This is mandatory — courts will not accept
  cases without a prior arbitration award or certificate. Translate as "mandatory labor
  arbitration" and flag the procedural requirement.
- **"竞业限制" (Arts. 23-24 Labor Contract Law)**: Post-employment non-competes are
  limited to senior management, senior technicians, and persons with confidentiality
  obligations. Maximum duration: 2 years. Monthly compensation must be paid (typically
  30% of pre-termination salary). Without compensation for 3+ months, the employee may
  terminate the non-compete.
- **"五险一金" (five insurances + one fund)**: The mandatory social insurance package
  (pension, medical, unemployment, work injury, maternity) plus the housing provident
  fund. Contributions are shared between employer and employee at rates set by local
  governments. Flag when translating compensation provisions.
- **"事实劳动关系"**: If an employer fails to execute a written contract within one month
  of commencement, a de facto employment relationship is deemed to exist, and the employee
  is entitled to double wages for up to 11 months. After one year, an open-ended contract
  is deemed concluded. Flag in translation.
