# Spanish — Transport and Insurance Sub-Lexicon

Combines Spanish-language transport and insurance vocabulary. Part 1 covers maritime, road, rail, air and multimodal transport: carriage contracts, bills of lading, charterparties, freight forwarding, carrier liability. Part 2 covers insurance contracts, life and non-life lines, reinsurance, brokers, claims handling and regulatory framework. Marine/transport insurance (cargo, hull, P&I, carrier liability) sits at the intersection.

---

## Part 1 — Transport and Shipping

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Spanish shipping, transport, and maritime
legal terms to their correct English equivalents.

## Core Shipping Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| póliza de fletamento / contrato de fletamento | charter party |
| fletamento por tiempo | time charter |
| fletamento por viaje | voyage charter |
| fletamento a casco desnudo | bareboat charter / demise charter |
| conocimiento de embarque | bill of lading (B/L) |
| conocimiento de embarque marítimo | ocean bill of lading |
| conocimiento de embarque directo / corrido | through bill of lading |
| carta de porte marítimo | sea waybill |
| conocimiento de embarque a la orden | order bill of lading |
| conocimiento de embarque nominativo | straight bill of lading |
| conocimiento de embarque limpio | clean bill of lading |
| conocimiento de embarque con reservas | claused bill of lading |
| armador / naviero | shipowner |
| fletador | charterer |
| porteador / transportista | carrier |
| cargador / embarcador | shipper |
| consignatario / destinatario | consignee |
| capitán | master |
| agente marítimo / consignatario de buques | ship's agent / port agent |
| corredor marítimo | shipbroker |
| transitario / agente de carga | freight forwarder |

## Vessel and Cargo Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| buque / nave | vessel / ship |
| pabellón / bandera | flag (of the vessel) |
| registro de matrícula | register of shipping |
| certificado de navegabilidad | certificate of seaworthiness |
| sociedad de clasificación | classification society |
| tonelaje bruto (GT) | gross tonnage (GT) |
| peso muerto (TPM) | deadweight tonnage (DWT) |
| carga / mercancías | cargo / goods |
| mercancías peligrosas | dangerous goods |
| granel / a granel | bulk / in bulk |
| contenedor | container |
| sobreestadías / demoras | demurrage |
| premio de celeridad / despatch | despatch money |
| estadías / días de plancha | laytime / lay days |
| aviso de alistamiento / notificación de disponibilidad | notice of readiness (NOR) |
| carga / embarque | loading |
| descarga / desembarque | discharge / unloading |
| estiba | stowage |
| avería | damage / average |
| avería gruesa / avería común | general average |
| avería particular | particular average |
| contribución a la avería gruesa | general average contribution |
| salvamento | salvage |

## Port and Operations Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| puerto de carga / puerto de embarque | port of loading |
| puerto de descarga / puerto de destino | port of discharge |
| puerto seguro | safe port |
| atraque / muelle | berth |
| atraque seguro | safe berth |
| tasas portuarias / derechos de puerto | port dues / harbour dues |
| manipulación de carga / estiba y desestiba | stevedoring / cargo handling |
| estibador | stevedore |
| practicaje | pilotage |
| remolque | towage |
| amarre | mooring |

## Insurance and Liability Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| seguro marítimo | marine insurance |
| seguro de casco | hull insurance |
| seguro de mercancías / seguro de carga | cargo insurance |
| protección e indemnización (P&I) | protection and indemnity (P&I) |
| club de P&I | P&I club |
| carta de garantía | letter of indemnity (LOI) / letter of guarantee |
| limitación de responsabilidad | limitation of liability |
| responsabilidad del porteador | carrier's liability |
| Reglas de Hamburgo | Hamburg Rules |
| Reglas de La Haya-Visby | Hague-Visby Rules |
| Reglas de Rotterdam | Rotterdam Rules |

## Incoterms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| franco a bordo (FOB) | free on board (FOB) |
| coste, seguro y flete (CIF) | cost, insurance and freight (CIF) |
| coste y flete (CFR) | cost and freight (CFR) |
| entregado con derechos pagados (DDP) | delivered duty paid (DDP) |
| franco porteador (FCA) | free carrier (FCA) |
| en fábrica (EXW) | ex works (EXW) |

## Section Headings

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| DESCRIPCIÓN DEL BUQUE | VESSEL DESCRIPTION |
| DURACIÓN DEL FLETAMENTO | CHARTER PERIOD |
| ZONAS DE NAVEGACIÓN | TRADING LIMITS |
| FLETE / ALQUILER | FREIGHT / HIRE |
| CARGA Y DESCARGA | LOADING AND DISCHARGE |
| ESTADÍAS Y SOBREESTADÍAS | LAYTIME AND DEMURRAGE |
| SEGUROS | INSURANCE |
| MANTENIMIENTO Y REPARACIONES | MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS |
| RESPONSABILIDAD | LIABILITY |
| RESOLUCIÓN | TERMINATION |
| LEY APLICABLE Y ARBITRAJE | GOVERNING LAW AND ARBITRATION |

## Notes

- **"Sobreestadías" (demurrage)**: Compensation payable by the charterer for exceeding
  laytime. Always "demurrage" in English, never "demurrage penalties".
- **"Avería gruesa" (general average)**: The York-Antwerp Rules apply. Translate as
  "general average".
- **"Conocimiento de embarque"**: Always "bill of lading". A "carta de porte marítimo"
  (sea waybill) is NOT a bill of lading — it is non-negotiable.
- **Spanish maritime law**: Governed by the Ley de Navegación Marítima (Ley 14/2014).
  Reference as "Spanish Maritime Navigation Act" on first mention.

---

## Part 2 — Insurance and Reinsurance

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Spanish insurance legal terms to their
correct English equivalents.

## Core Insurance Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| contrato de seguro / póliza de seguro | insurance policy |
| póliza | policy |
| suplemento / endoso | endorsement / rider |
| condiciones generales | general conditions / policy wording |
| condiciones particulares | particular conditions / policy schedule |
| asegurado | insured / assured |
| tomador del seguro / contratante | policyholder |
| asegurador | insurer / underwriter |
| reasegurador | reinsurer |
| corredor de seguros / mediador de seguros | insurance broker |
| agente de seguros | insurance agent |
| beneficiario | beneficiary |
| prima de seguro | premium |
| franquicia | excess (UK) / deductible (US) |
| franquicia absoluta | deductible |
| franquicia relativa | franchise (threshold-based) |
| límite de cobertura / suma asegurada | policy limit / sum insured |
| cobertura | cover / coverage |
| período de cobertura | policy period / period of cover |
| siniestro | claim / loss |
| declaración de siniestro / aviso de siniestro | notice of claim / loss notification |
| indemnización | indemnity / claim payment |
| peritaje / valoración de daños | loss adjustment / survey |
| perito (de seguros) | loss adjuster / surveyor |
| subrogación | subrogation |
| pérdida de cobertura / caducidad | forfeiture of cover |
| exclusión (de cobertura) | exclusion |
| resolución / anulación | cancellation / termination |
| no renovación | non-renewal |
| prescripción | limitation period / statute of limitations |

## Types of Insurance

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| seguro de responsabilidad civil | liability insurance / third-party liability insurance |
| seguro de responsabilidad civil profesional | professional indemnity insurance (UK) / errors and omissions insurance (US) |
| seguro de todo riesgo construcción (TRC) | contractor's all risks insurance (CAR) |
| seguro decenal | decennial insurance / ten-year latent defects insurance |
| seguro de daños / seguro de bienes | property insurance |
| seguro de personas | personal insurance / life and health insurance |
| seguro de vida | life insurance |
| seguro colectivo / seguro de grupo | group insurance |
| seguro de crédito | credit insurance |
| seguro de caución | surety bond insurance |
| seguro de lucro cesante / pérdida de beneficios | business interruption insurance |
| seguro de transporte / seguro marítimo | marine insurance / cargo insurance |
| seguro de responsabilidad de administradores y directivos (D&O) | directors' and officers' liability insurance (D&O) |

## Reinsurance Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| tratado de reaseguro | reinsurance treaty |
| reaseguro proporcional | proportional reinsurance |
| reaseguro no proporcional / exceso de pérdida | non-proportional reinsurance / excess of loss |
| cedente | cedant / ceding company |
| retrocesión | retrocession |
| nota de cobertura | cover note / binder |
| bordereau | bordereau |
| siniestralidad | claims experience / loss ratio |
| prima de reaseguro | reinsurance premium |
| comisión de reaseguro | reinsurance commission / ceding commission |

## Section Headings

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| DEFINICIONES | DEFINITIONS |
| OBJETO DE LA COBERTURA | SCOPE OF COVER |
| EXCLUSIONES | EXCLUSIONS |
| PRIMA | PREMIUM |
| DECLARACIÓN Y GESTIÓN DE SINIESTROS | CLAIMS NOTIFICATION AND HANDLING |
| DURACIÓN | TERM / PERIOD OF INSURANCE |

## Notes

- **"Franquicia"**: In most insurance contexts, translate as "deductible" or "excess"
  (UK). Context-dependent like French and Italian.
- **"Seguro de caución"**: A surety bond issued by an insurance company (common in Spain,
  less common in Anglo-Saxon markets). Translate as "surety bond insurance".
- **"Tomador del seguro"**: The policyholder / person who takes out the policy. May differ
  from the "asegurado" (insured person) and "beneficiario" (beneficiary). Translate as
  "policyholder".
- **Ley de Contrato de Seguro (LCS)**: The Spanish Insurance Contract Act (Ley 50/1980).
  Reference as "Spanish Insurance Contract Act" on first mention.
- **Lloyd's market terminology**: When the document references the London market, use
  Lloyd's-specific terms.
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