# Finnish — EPC / Energy / Infrastructure Sub-Lexicon

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Finnish EPC legal terms to their
correct English equivalents.

## Core EPC Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| EPC-sopimus / kokonaisurakka | EPC contract / turnkey contract |
| rakennusurakka / urakkasopimus | construction contract |
| suunnittelusopimus | design contract / engineering agreement |
| suunnittelu ja toteutus -urakka (ST-urakka) | design-build contract |
| kokonaisurakka | lump-sum contract / turnkey contract |
| jaettu urakka | split contract / multiple prime contracts |
| rakennuttaja / tilaaja | employer / owner |
| urakoitsija | contractor |
| pääurakoitsija | main contractor / prime contractor |
| aliurakoitsija | subcontractor |
| suunnittelija | engineer / designer |
| valvoja / rakennuttajan edustaja | supervisor / employer's representative |
| vastaava työnjohtaja | site manager / person in charge of construction |
| urakka-alue / työalue | scope of works |
| työselostus / tekninen erittely | specification |
| suunnitelma-asiakirjat / piirustukset | design documents / drawings |
| työmaasuunnitelma | construction plan / method statement |
| urakka-aika | construction period / time for completion |
| aloituspäivä | commencement date |
| valmistumispäivä | completion date |
| vastaanotto / luovutus | handover / taking over |
| urakkahinta / sopimushinta | contract price / contract sum |

## Variation and Claims Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| muutostyö / lisätyö | variation / change order |
| lisä- ja muutostyö | additional and variation works |
| urakka-ajan pidennys | extension of time |
| lisäkustannukset | additional costs |
| vaatimus / reklamaatio | claim |
| viivästyssakko / myöhästymissakko | liquidated damages for delay |
| suorituskykysakko | performance liquidated damages |
| aikaistumisbonus | early completion bonus |
| ylivoimainen este | force majeure |
| luonnonolosuhde / poikkeukselliset olosuhteet | ground conditions / unforeseen conditions |

## Testing and Completion Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| koekäyttö / käyttöönotto | commissioning / testing |
| vastaanottotarkastus | completion inspection / handover inspection |
| vastaanottopöytäkirja | taking-over certificate / acceptance protocol |
| väliaikainen vastaanotto | provisional acceptance |
| lopullinen vastaanotto / takuutarkastus | final acceptance |
| suorituskykytesti | performance test |
| suorituskykylukkuu | performance guarantee |
| takuuaika / virhevastuuaika | defects liability period / warranty period |
| virheiden korjaus | rectification of defects |
| pidätysraha | retention money |
| ennakkomaksu | advance payment |
| ennakkomaksutakuu | advance payment guarantee |
| rakennusaikainen vakuus / suoritustakaus | performance bond / performance guarantee |

## Insurance and Risk Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| rakennustyövakuutus (CAR) | contractor's all risks insurance (CAR) |
| asennus vakuutus (EAR) | erection all risks insurance (EAR) |
| vastuuvakuutus | third-party liability insurance |
| tapaturmavakuutus | workers' compensation insurance |
| vaaranvastuu / riskinsiirto | risk / passing of risk |
| tilaajan vaaranvastuu | employer's risk |
| urakoitsijan vaaranvastuu | contractor's risk |
| työturvallisuus | health and safety |
| ympäristövaatimukset | environmental requirements |
| luvat ja hyväksynnät | permits and approvals |
| rakennuslupa | building permit |

## Section Headings

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| urakka-alue / työn laajuus | SCOPE OF WORKS |
| suunnittelu | DESIGN / ENGINEERING |
| urakkahinta ja maksaminen | CONTRACT PRICE AND PAYMENT |
| muutokset | VARIATIONS |
| testaus ja vastaanotto | TESTING AND HANDOVER |
| virheet / takuuvastuuu | DEFECTS LIABILITY |
| vakuutukset | INSURANCE |
| sopimuksen purkaminen | TERMINATION |
| riidanratkaisu | DISPUTE RESOLUTION |
| määritelmät | DEFINITIONS |
| sähkön myynti ja osto | SALE AND PURCHASE OF ELECTRICITY |
| tuotantolaitos | GENERATION FACILITY |
| verkkoliityntä | GRID CONNECTION |
| hinnat ja maksaminen | TARIFF AND PAYMENT |
| käyttö ja kunnossapito | OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE |
| sopimuksen päättäminen | TERMINATION |

## Notes

- **YSE 1998 (Rakennusurakan yleiset sopimusehdot)**: The General Conditions for Building
  Contracts — Finland's standard construction contract conditions. Published by RAKLI
  (Finnish Real Estate Federation). Widely used in domestic construction projects. A new
  YSE revision has been in preparation. Reference as "YSE 1998" on first mention.
- **Land Use and Building Act (maankäyttö- ja rakennuslaki)**: The principal statute
  governing construction permits and land use planning in Finland. A comprehensive reform
  was enacted in 2023 (new Building Act, effective 2025). Flag the applicable regime.
- **"Vastaava työnjohtaja"**: A statutory role under Finnish construction law — the person
  in charge of construction work must hold appropriate qualifications. No exact common law
  equivalent. Translate as "site manager" or "person in charge of construction" and note.
- **FIDIC in Finland**: FIDIC conditions are used for international projects. Domestic
  projects predominantly use YSE 1998. The choice of conditions affects the contractual
  framework significantly. Identify the applicable form.
- **"Rakennuslupa" (building permit)**: Required for most construction and renovation
  works. Issued by the municipal building supervision authority. The permit process
  includes neighbour notification and environmental assessment where applicable.

- **Nordic electricity market**: Finland participates in the Nordic integrated electricity
  market (Nord Pool). Wholesale electricity prices are set at the Nord Pool exchange.
  Finland is in the bidding zone FI. Flag the Nord Pool context.
- **Electricity Market Act (sähkömarkkinalaki)**: Governs the Finnish electricity market,
  including generation, transmission, distribution, and retail. Implemented the EU Clean
  Energy Package. Reference as "Electricity Market Act" on first mention.
- **Wind power in Finland**: Finland has significant onshore wind power capacity and
  offshore wind is developing. The permit process involves EIA, zoning, and building
  permits. The "tuulivoimakaava" (wind power zoning plan) is a key planning instrument.
- **"Ympäristölupa" (environmental permit)**: Required for installations with significant
  environmental impact. Issued by the Regional State Administrative Agency (AVI). The
  Environmental Protection Act (ympäristönsuojelulaki) governs the permit process.
- **Nuclear energy**: Finland operates nuclear power plants and is building new capacity
  (Olkiluoto 3). Nuclear energy is regulated under the Nuclear Energy Act (ydinenergialaki).
  Construction and operating licences are granted by the Government with the consent of the
  host municipality. Flag the unique regulatory framework.

## Core Energy Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| energiantoimitussopimus | energy supply agreement |
| sähkönhankintasopimus (PPA) | power purchase agreement (PPA) |
| sähkönmyyntisopimus | electricity sale agreement |
| verkkoon liittymissopimus | grid connection agreement |
| sähköverkonhaltija | grid operator / distribution system operator |
| sähköntuottaja | power producer / generator |
| sähkön vähittäismyyjä | electricity retailer |
| sähkömarkkina | electricity market |
| Nord Pool | Nord Pool (Nordic power exchange) |
| syöttötariffi | feed-in tariff |
| uusiutuva energia | renewable energy |
| tuulivoima | wind power |
| merituulivoima | offshore wind power |
| aurinkoenergia | solar power / photovoltaic (PV) |
| bioenergia / biomassa | bioenergy / biomass |
| ydinvoima | nuclear power |
| vesivoima | hydropower |
| energiavarasto / akku | energy storage / battery |
| sähkömarkkinalaki | Electricity Market Act |
| Energiavirasto | Energy Authority |

## Infrastructure and Concession Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| käyttöoikeussopimus / konsessio | concession |
| julkisen ja yksityisen sektorin yhteistyö (PPP) | public-private partnership (PPP) |
| palvelusopimus (infra) | service concession |
| käyttöoikeusaika | concession period |
| käyttöoikeusmaksu | concession fee |
| hankintayksikkö | contracting authority |
| palveluntarjoaja / konsessionääri | concessionaire |
| suoritusvaatimukset | output specification / performance requirements |
| seuranta / monitorointi | monitoring |
| käyttäjämaksu / tariffi | user fee / tariff |

## Regulatory and Permit Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| ympäristövaikutusten arviointi (YVA) | environmental impact assessment (EIA) |
| YVA-laki | Act on Environmental Impact Assessment |
| ympäristölupa | environmental permit |
| tuulivoimakaava | wind power zoning plan |
| sähkön tuotantolupa | electricity production licence (UK) / license (US) |
| verkkoon liittäminen | grid connection |
| verkkoon liittymishakemus | grid connection application |
| tuotannon rajoitus / leikkaus | curtailment / output reduction |
| maankäyttö- ja rakennuslaki | Land Use and Building Act |
| Natura 2000 -arviointi | Natura 2000 assessment |
| lunastuslupa | expropriation permit |
