---
name: royalty-deed
title: Royalty Deed
description: Drafts U.S. oil and gas royalty deeds conveying NPRI or participating royalty interests with fractional interest, land description, lease burden, cost allocation, and warranty language suitable for recording. Trigger when drafting royalty deeds, NPRI conveyances, mineral royalty transfers, or oil and gas royalty assignments.
author: CaseMark
author_url: https://github.com/CaseMark/skills/tree/main/skills/legal/royalty-deed
license: Apache-2.0
version: 0.1.0
execution_mode: open
jurisdiction: us
practice: real-estate
language: en
tags: [agreement, drafting, regulatory]
---

# Royalty Deed

Conveys a royalty interest in oil, gas, and other minerals for specified lands with recording-ready terms.

## Quick Start

Gather before drafting:

1. **Jurisdiction** — state/county, recording format requirements.
2. **Parties** — full legal names, capacity, execution authority; marital status if homestead/community property.
3. **Land description** — from vesting deed or title commitment (Exhibit A if lengthy).
4. **Interest definition** — fixed or floating royalty; fraction/percentage; NPRI vs participating; substances covered; depth/formation limits if any.
5. **Lease posture** — existing leases, pooling/unit orders; whether interest burdens present leases, future leases, or both.
6. **Royalty valuation** — cost-free vs post-production cost deductions; wellhead vs downstream.
7. **Warranty level** — general, special, or quitclaim; known encumbrances and reservations.
8. **Consideration and effective date** — plus preparer/return info for recording.

## Required Sections

| Section | Key Content |
|---|---|
| Caption/Recording Block | Preparer/return info, clerk space; follow state format |
| Parties/Consideration | Full names, addresses, consideration recital |
| Granting Clause | State-specific conveyancing verbs; identify royalty interest and base |
| Land Description | Legal description, county/state; Exhibit A if used |
| Nature of Interest | NPRI or participating; fixed vs floating; define base and lease burden |
| Lease/Pooling Provisions | Present and future leases; pooling effect; proportionate reduction |
| Royalty Valuation | Cost-free or net proceeds; post-production cost treatment |
| Reservations/Exceptions | Reserved minerals or rights; consistent with title |
| Warranty | General/special/quitclaim tied to consideration |
| Execution/Acknowledgment | Signatures, notary, state-specific acknowledgment form |

Optional: After-acquired title (apply to royalty only), depth/formation limitation, pooling/unitization allocation.

## Core Clause Templates

GRANTING CLAUSE
Grantor, for and in consideration of [Consideration], grants and conveys to Grantee an [undivided X% / X/X] royalty interest in and to all oil, gas, and other minerals produced and saved from the Lands described in Exhibit A, together with the right to receive and collect the royalty therefrom, [subject to the terms below].

NATURE OF INTEREST (NPRI)
The interest conveyed is a perpetual, non-participating royalty interest. Grantee has no right to execute leases, no right to bonus or delay rentals, and no right to pool or unitize the Lands, except as expressly provided herein.

ROYALTY BASE
Fixed: The interest is a fixed [X%] of production, regardless of the royalty reserved in any lease.
Floating: The interest is [X%] of the royalty reserved in present and future leases.

LEASES AND FUTURE LEASES
This conveyance applies to royalties payable under existing leases described as: [Lease list], and to royalties reserved under future leases covering the Lands.

POOLING / UNITIZATION (OPTIONAL)
If the Lands are pooled/unitized, the royalty shall be proportionately reduced to the ratio that the Lands bear to the unit acreage.

ROYALTY VALUATION
Cost-free: Royalty shall be free and clear of all costs of production, gathering, treating, compression, processing, and transportation.
Net proceeds: Royalty shall be based on proceeds received at the point of sale after deduction of post-production costs [define].

WARRANTY
[General / Special / Quitclaim] warranty of title, subject to the exceptions listed.

## Quality Checklist

- [ ] Fraction is a royalty interest, not a mineral interest
- [ ] Fixed vs floating language matches the deal terms
- [ ] Land description matches vesting deed or title commitment
- [ ] Existing leases identified; burden on present and/or future leases clarified
- [ ] Cost-free vs net proceeds aligns with jurisdiction rules and deal
- [ ] Depth/formation limitation (if any) is clear and consistent
- [ ] "Subject to" exceptions match encumbrances of record
- [ ] Execution authority confirmed; spouse joinder addressed where required
- [ ] State-specific acknowledgment form and recording format used

## Pitfalls

- **Royalty vs mineral interest ambiguity** — always define the royalty base explicitly; do not leave room for mineral-interest interpretation.
- **NPRI with executive rights** — never include leasing/executive rights in an NPRI unless expressly negotiated.
- **Floating royalty untethered** — always tie floating royalty to the lessor's royalty reserved in leases.
- **Silent on costs** — if cost deductions are allowed, specify which costs and the valuation point.
- **Homestead/community property** — address required joinder or consents; omission can void conveyance.
- **Generic forms** — use state-specific conveyancing verbs and acknowledgment forms where statute mandates wording.
