---
name: complaint-for-trespass-and-nuisance
title: Complaint for Trespass and Nuisance
description: Drafts a U.S. civil complaint asserting trespass and private nuisance causes of action in real property disputes. Use when initiating litigation for unauthorized property entry, encroachment, excessive noise, odors, pollution, vibration, or other conduct substantially interfering with use and enjoyment of real property.
author: CaseMark
author_url: https://github.com/CaseMark/skills/tree/main/skills/legal/complaint-for-trespass-and-nuisance
license: Apache-2.0
version: 0.1.0
execution_mode: open
jurisdiction: us
practice: real-estate
language: en
tags: [drafting, litigation, pleading]
---

# Complaint for Trespass and Nuisance

Draft a civil complaint with trespass and private nuisance counts for real property disputes.

## Required Inputs

1. **Property** — address, legal description, parcel number, physical characteristics
2. **Plaintiff's interest** — deed, lease, easement, or other possessory basis; standing basis if non-title holder
3. **Incident chronology** — dates, times, manner, and affected areas for each trespass or nuisance event
4. **Notice history** — cease-and-desist letters, verbal demands, defendant responses
5. **Damages** — property damage, repair costs, diminution in value, loss of use, health/medical costs
6. **Court/jurisdiction** — target court, SMJ and PJ basis, venue statute
7. **Parties** — full legal names, entity type (individual/LLC/corp), addresses

## Quick Start

1. Gather all required inputs above.
2. Draft caption per local court rules.
3. Build Parties & Jurisdiction section, then Factual Background.
4. Draft Count I (Trespass) and Count II (Private Nuisance) using the element tables below.
5. Assemble Prayer for Relief — select applicable remedies.
6. Run the checks in Pitfalls before finalizing.

## Complaint Structure

### Caption

Court name, full party names, case number (if assigned), document title — conform to local rules.

### Parties & Jurisdiction

| Allegation | Content |
|---|---|
| Plaintiff | Name, legal status, address, standing basis |
| Defendant | Name, legal status, address |
| SMJ | Federal or state statutory basis |
| Personal jurisdiction | Defendant's forum contacts |
| Venue | Statutory basis; property situs |

### Factual Background

Numbered paragraphs covering:
- Property description (address, legal description, parcel ID, characteristics)
- Plaintiff's acquisition of interest; lawful possession before interference
- Defendant's relationship to property, if any
- Chronological account of defendant's conduct (dates, times, areas, duration)
- Prior warnings/demands and defendant's response or non-response

### Count I — Trespass

Reallege prior paragraphs. Plead each element:

| Element | Allegation |
|---|---|
| Ownership/possession | Plaintiff owns or has lawful right to possess |
| Intentional entry | Defendant entered or caused entry of agents, objects, or substances |
| No authorization | No consent, or revoked consent with continued presence |
| Damages | Physical damage to land/structures/fixtures; loss of possession; repair costs; diminution in value |
| Punitive basis (if applicable) | Willful, wanton, or reckless disregard of property rights |

### Count II — Private Nuisance

Reallege prior paragraphs. Plead each element:

| Element | Allegation |
|---|---|
| Property interest | Ownership or lawful occupancy |
| Substantial interference | Defendant's conduct substantially and unreasonably interferes with use and enjoyment |
| Reasonableness balancing | Neighborhood character, gravity of harm, social utility, feasibility of abatement |
| Nuisance type | Specify: noise (times/frequency/dB), odors, vibrations, pollutants, encroaching structures/vegetation, vermin |
| Continuing nature | Ongoing or recurring; failure to abate after notice |
| Damages | Loss of use/enjoyment, diminution in value, discomfort, health effects, medical costs |
| Punitive basis (if applicable) | Intentional or conscious disregard of plaintiff's rights |

### Prayer for Relief

Select applicable remedies:
- Compensatory damages (property damage, diminution, loss of use, consequentials)
- Punitive/exemplary damages (if willful or malicious conduct)
- TRO and/or preliminary injunction
- Permanent injunction to cease trespass and abate nuisance
- Mandatory injunction to remove encroachments and restore property
- Attorney's fees and costs (if statutory, contractual, or equitable basis exists)
- Pre- and post-judgment interest
- General catch-all relief clause

### Signature Block

Attorney name, bar number, firm, address, phone, email, date. Add verification/affidavit if local rules require.

## Pitfalls & Checks

- **One allegation per paragraph** — enables clean admission/denial in responsive pleadings.
- **Standing** — if no title, affirmatively plead possessory basis (lease, easement, license, adverse possession).
- **Keep counts distinct** — trespass = physical invasion; nuisance = substantial/unreasonable interference with use and enjoyment. Separate factual allegations cleanly.
- **Injunctive relief** — allege irreparable harm and inadequacy of money damages to support TRO/preliminary injunction.
- **Punitive damages** — plead only if facts support willful/wanton conduct. [VERIFY: some states require leave of court or separate motion.]
- **Attorney's fees** — not recoverable absent statute or contract. Confirm basis before including.
- **Unreasonableness standard** — varies by state; some apply Restatement (Second) of Torts §§ 822–831 balancing. [VERIFY per jurisdiction.]
- **Heightened pleading** — check local rules for specificity requirements beyond notice pleading.
