# Chinese (Mandarin) — Public Procurement Sub-Lexicon

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Chinese (Mandarin) public procurement legal
terms to their correct English equivalents.

## Core Procurement Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 政府采购 | government procurement / public procurement |
| 招标投标 | tendering and bidding |
| 采购方式 / 采购程序 | procurement method / procurement procedure |
| 招标公告 | tender notice / invitation for bids |
| 公开招标 | open tendering / public bidding |
| 邀请招标 | selective tendering / invited bidding |
| 竞争性谈判 | competitive negotiation |
| 竞争性磋商 | competitive consultation |
| 单一来源采购 | single-source procurement / sole-source procurement |
| 询价采购 | request for quotation |
| 框架协议 / 协议供货 | framework agreement |
| 招标人 / 采购人 | contracting authority / procuring entity |
| 投标人 / 供应商 | tenderer / bidder / supplier |
| 投标联合体 | joint tender / consortium |
| 分包商 | subcontractor |
| 投标 / 投标文件 | tender / bid |
| 中标 / 授标 | award (of contract) |
| 评标标准 / 评审因素 | evaluation criteria / award criteria |
| 综合评分法 | comprehensive scoring method |
| 最低评标价法 | lowest evaluated bid method |
| 资格条件 / 资格要求 | qualification requirements / eligibility requirements |
| 招标文件 / 采购文件 | tender documents / procurement documents |
| 技术规格 / 采购需求 | specification / terms of reference |
| 分包 | lot / division into lots |
| 预算金额 | budget amount |
| 采购限额标准 | procurement threshold |

## Tender Process Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 发售招标文件 | issuance of tender documents |
| 资格预审 | pre-qualification |
| 投标截止时间 | bid submission deadline |
| 开标 | bid opening |
| 评标 / 评审 | bid evaluation |
| 评标委员会 | evaluation committee |
| 评标报告 | evaluation report |
| 澄清 / 答疑 | clarification |
| 中标通知书 | award notification / letter of acceptance |
| 中标结果公告 | award announcement |
| 投标保证金 | bid bond / bid security |
| 履约保证金 | performance bond / performance guarantee |
| 合同签订 | contract execution / contract signing |
| 质疑 | challenge / query |
| 投诉 | complaint |
| 废标 / 流标 | cancellation of tender / failed tender |

## Remedies and Review Terms

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 质疑 (供应商) | challenge / objection (by supplier) |
| 投诉 (至监管部门) | complaint (to supervisory authority) |
| 行政复议 | administrative reconsideration |
| 行政诉讼 | administrative litigation |
| 财政部门 (政府采购监管) | finance department (procurement supervision) |
| 招标投标行政监督部门 | tendering and bidding supervisory authority |
| 撤销中标决定 | annulment of the award decision |
| 损害赔偿 (采购) | damages (procurement) |
| 合同无效 | invalidity of the contract |
| 行政处罚 | administrative penalty |

## Section Headings

| Chinese | English |
|---|---|
| 采购标的 / 采购内容 | SUBJECT MATTER OF THE PROCUREMENT |
| 采购方式 | PROCUREMENT METHOD |
| 资格条件 | ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS |
| 评标标准 | EVALUATION CRITERIA |
| 技术规格 | SPECIFICATION |
| 合同条款 | CONTRACT CONDITIONS |
| 质疑与投诉 | CHALLENGE AND COMPLAINT |
| 特殊条款 | PARTICULAR CONDITIONS |
| 通用条款 | GENERAL CONDITIONS |

## Notes

- **Dual procurement regime**: PRC public procurement is governed by two parallel statutes:
  the Government Procurement Law (政府采购法, for government departments and public
  institutions) and the Bidding Law (招标投标法, for construction and certain large
  projects). The applicable law depends on the procuring entity and project type. Always
  identify the applicable regime.
- **Government Procurement Law (政府采购法)**: Enacted 2002, revised 2014. Governs
  procurement by government organs, public institutions, and social organisations using
  fiscal funds. Reference as "Government Procurement Law" on first mention.
- **Bidding Law (招标投标法)**: Enacted 1999, revised 2017. Governs tendering for
  construction, large equipment purchases, and other projects above mandatory bidding
  thresholds. Reference as "Bidding Law" on first mention.
- **"评标委员会"**: The evaluation committee must include technical experts randomly
  selected from an expert database. This is a mandatory requirement under both procurement
  statutes. Translate as "evaluation committee" and note the composition requirements.
- **"竞争性磋商"**: A procurement method introduced in 2014 — similar to competitive
  dialogue but with PRC-specific procedural requirements. Translate as "competitive
  consultation" and note the procedural differences.
- **E-procurement**: PRC is moving towards a unified e-procurement platform. Many
  procurement procedures are conducted through provincial electronic bidding systems.
  Flag e-procurement requirements where relevant.
