# Spanish — EPC / Energy / Infrastructure Sub-Lexicon

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Spanish EPC/construction legal terms to
their correct English equivalents.

## Core EPC Document Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| contrato EPC / contrato llave en mano | EPC contract / turnkey contract |
| contrato de construcción / contrato de obra | construction agreement |
| contrato de operación y mantenimiento (O&M) | O&M agreement |
| promotor / propietario | employer / owner |
| director de obra | engineer / project manager |
| contratista / constructor | contractor |
| subcontratista | subcontractor |
| proveedor / suministrador | supplier |
| ingeniero / ingeniero independiente | engineer (FIDIC context) |
| orden de inicio / acta de inicio | notice to proceed (NTP) |
| fecha de inicio de las obras | commencement date |
| fecha de terminación / fecha de finalización | completion date |
| fecha prevista de terminación | scheduled completion date |
| plazo de ejecución | time for completion |
| recepción provisional | provisional acceptance / taking over |
| recepción definitiva | final acceptance |
| terminación sustancial | substantial completion |
| puesta en servicio / commissioning | commissioning |
| pruebas de recepción | acceptance tests |
| pruebas de rendimiento | performance tests |
| periodo de garantía / plazo de garantía | defects notification period (FIDIC) / warranty period |
| subsanación de defectos | remediation of defects / snagging |
| penalidades por retraso | liquidated damages for delay (LDs) |
| penalidades por rendimiento | performance liquidated damages |
| precio del contrato / precio cerrado | contract price / lump sum price |
| modificación / orden de cambio | variation order / change order |
| trabajos adicionales / obras adicionales | additional works / variations |
| certificación de obra / certificación parcial | progress certificate / interim payment certificate |
| liquidación final / certificación final | final account / final statement |
| retención de garantía | retention / retention money |
| garantía de buena ejecución / aval de cumplimiento | performance bond / performance guarantee |
| garantía de devolución de anticipo | advance payment guarantee |
| seguro de todo riesgo construcción (TRC) | contractor's all risks insurance (CAR) |
| responsabilidad decenal | decennial liability |
| seguro decenal | decennial insurance / ten-year warranty |

## Design Stage Terminology (Critical)

| Spanish | English | Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| anteproyecto / proyecto básico | preliminary design | — |
| proyecto de ejecución | detailed design | "preliminary design" (WRONG STAGE) |
| proyecto constructivo | construction design | "executive project" (calque) |
| pliego de condiciones técnicas | technical specifications | — |
| pliego de condiciones administrativas | particular conditions (administrative) | — |
| pliego de prescripciones técnicas particulares | particular technical specifications | — |

## Force Majeure and Claims

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| fuerza mayor | force majeure |
| caso fortuito | act of God / unforeseen event |
| imprevisión / excesiva onerosidad | hardship / change of circumstances |
| hecho del príncipe / factum principis | act of government / sovereign act |
| reclamación | claim |
| ampliación de plazo | extension of time (EOT) |
| alteración / perturbación | disruption |
| suspensión de las obras | suspension of works |
| resolución por conveniencia | termination for convenience |
| resolución por incumplimiento | termination for default |

## Section Headings

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| OBJETO DE LAS OBRAS | SCOPE OF WORKS |
| PRECIO Y CONDICIONES DE PAGO | CONTRACT PRICE AND PAYMENT |
| PRUEBAS Y RECEPCIÓN | TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE |
| GARANTÍAS | WARRANTIES |
| PENALIDADES | LIQUIDATED DAMAGES |
| MODIFICACIONES | VARIATIONS |
| RESOLUCIÓN | TERMINATION |
| SEGUROS | INSURANCE |
| RESPONSABILIDAD | LIABILITY |
| DISPOSICIONES GENERALES | MISCELLANEOUS |
| OBJETO DE LA CONCESIÓN | SCOPE OF THE CONCESSION |
| DURACIÓN | TERM |
| TARIFAS Y REMUNERACIÓN | TARIFFS AND REMUNERATION |
| CONEXIÓN A RED | GRID CONNECTION |
| CONDICIONES DE SUMINISTRO | DELIVERY CONDITIONS |
| OBLIGACIONES DEL EXPLOTADOR | OPERATOR'S OBLIGATIONS |

## Notes

- **"Penalidades"**: In Spanish law, contractual penalties (cláusula penal) can be
  moderated by the court. Always translate as "liquidated damages" (LDs), never as
  "penalties" — the English common law distinction matters.
- **"Responsabilidad decenal"**: A mandatory liability for structural defects under
  Spanish law (Ley de Ordenación de la Edificación). Similar to French responsabilité
  décennale. Translate as "decennial liability" with context note.
- **"Recepción"**: Formal process of acceptance of works. "Recepción provisional" is
  provisional acceptance; "recepción definitiva" is final acceptance after the defects
  liability period.
- **"Director de obra"**: Under Spanish building law (LOE), the professional who supervises
  execution. Translate as "engineer" in FIDIC context or "project manager" otherwise.

- **"Riesgo y ventura"**: A fundamental concept in Spanish public procurement and
  concessions. The contractor bears the economic risk of the contract. Translate as
  "at the contractor's risk" or "risk and reward" depending on context.
- **"Equilibrio económico-financiero"**: Under Spanish law, the concessionaire has a right
  to the restoration of the financial equilibrium of the concession if it is disrupted
  by certain events (ius variandi, factum principis, force majeure). No direct common law
  equivalent. Translate descriptively.
- **CNMC**: The Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia is the Spanish
  competition and regulatory authority. Keep the abbreviation "CNMC" and translate on
  first mention.

## Core Energy Document Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| contrato de compraventa de energía / PPA | power purchase agreement (PPA) |
| contrato de conexión a red | grid connection agreement |
| contrato de suministro / contrato de compra | offtake agreement |
| contrato de concesión | concession agreement |
| autorización de explotación / licencia de explotación | operating licence / operating permit |
| tarifa regulada / tarifa de alimentación | feed-in tariff (FIT) |
| prima / complemento de remuneración | feed-in premium |
| subasta (de energía) | competitive tender / auction |
| certificado de capacidad | capacity certificate |
| garantía de origen | guarantee of origin |
| certificado verde | green certificate / renewable energy certificate |
| potencia instalada | installed capacity |
| potencia nominal | rated capacity / nameplate capacity |
| producción neta | net output / net generation |
| factor de capacidad / factor de planta | capacity factor |
| punto de entrega | delivery point |
| punto de conexión | point of connection / grid connection point |
| contador / equipo de medida | meter / metering equipment |
| red de transporte | transmission grid / transmission network |
| red de distribución | distribution grid / distribution network |
| operador del sistema de transporte | transmission system operator (TSO) |
| operador del sistema de distribución | distribution system operator (DSO) |
| Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC) | National Markets and Competition Commission (CNMC) |
| peaje de acceso a la red | grid access tariff |
| contrato de acceso a la red | grid access agreement |

## Renewable Energy Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| energía eólica | wind energy |
| energía solar / energía fotovoltaica | solar energy / photovoltaic (PV) energy |
| parque eólico | wind farm |
| parque eólico marino / eólica offshore | offshore wind farm |
| planta solar / parque fotovoltaico | solar farm / PV plant |
| biomasa | biomass |
| biogás | biogas |
| geotermia | geothermal energy |
| hidroelectricidad | hydroelectric power / hydropower |
| almacenamiento de energía / almacenamiento con baterías | energy storage / battery storage |
| evaluación de impacto ambiental (EIA) | environmental impact assessment (EIA) |
| declaración de impacto ambiental (DIA) | environmental impact statement |
| licencia de obras / permiso de construcción | planning permission / building permit |
| declaración de utilidad pública | declaration of public utility |
| autorización administrativa previa | prior administrative authorisation |
| autorización administrativa de construcción | construction authorisation |
| autorización de explotación | operating authorisation |

## Concession and PPP Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| concesión de servicio público | public service concession |
| colaboración público-privada (CPP) | public-private partnership (PPP) |
| administración concedente | granting authority / concession authority |
| concesionario | concessionaire / concession holder |
| canon concesional | concession fee |
| plazo de la concesión | concession period |
| reversión de bienes | reversion of assets / handback of assets |
| bienes reversibles | reversionary assets |
| equilibrio económico-financiero | financial equilibrium |
| restablecimiento del equilibrio | rebalancing / restoration of financial equilibrium |
| riesgo y ventura | at the contractor's risk |
