# French — IP, Technology and IT Sub-Lexicon

Combines French-language IP/technology and IT/SaaS vocabulary. Part 1 covers copyright, industrial property (patents, designs, trade marks), trade secrets and technology transfer. Part 2 covers software licensing, SaaS/cloud services, implementation projects, SLAs, data processing and cybersecurity.

---

## Part 1 — Intellectual Property and Technology

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps French intellectual property and technology
legal terms to their correct English equivalents.

## Core IP Terms

| French | English |
|---|---|
| propriété intellectuelle (PI) | intellectual property (IP) |
| propriété industrielle | industrial property |
| droit d'auteur | copyright |
| droits moraux | moral rights |
| droits patrimoniaux / droits d'exploitation | economic rights / exploitation rights |
| droit de reproduction | right of reproduction |
| droit de représentation | right of public performance / right of communication to the public |
| droit de suite | resale right / droit de suite |
| brevet (d'invention) | patent |
| demande de brevet | patent application |
| délivrance d'un brevet | grant of a patent |
| revendication | claim (patent claim) |
| description (du brevet) | specification |
| antériorité | prior art |
| contrefaçon | infringement |
| action en contrefaçon | infringement proceedings / infringement action |
| marque (déposée) | trade mark (UK) / trademark (US) |
| marque communautaire / marque de l'Union européenne | EU trade mark |
| enregistrement de marque | trade mark registration |
| classe (de marque) | class (trade mark class) |
| nom commercial | trade name |
| dénomination sociale | corporate name |
| enseigne | business sign / trading name |
| dessin et modèle | design (registered design) |
| dessin et modèle communautaire | Community design / EU registered design |
| secret d'affaires / secret commercial | trade secret |
| savoir-faire | know-how |
| obtention végétale | plant variety right |
| indication géographique / appellation d'origine | geographical indication / designation of origin |

## Licensing and Transfer Terms

| French | English |
|---|---|
| contrat de licence | licence agreement (UK) / license agreement (US) |
| licence exclusive | exclusive license |
| licence non exclusive | non-exclusive license |
| concédant / donneur de licence | licensor |
| licencié / preneur de licence | licensee |
| redevance | royalty |
| redevance forfaitaire | lump-sum royalty / one-off license fee |
| redevance proportionnelle / redevance variable | running royalty |
| sous-licence | sub-licence (UK) / sub-license (US) |
| cession de droits | assignment of rights |
| cession de brevet | patent assignment |
| cession de marque | trade mark assignment |
| transfert de technologie | technology transfer |
| accord de recherche et développement (R&D) | research and development (R&D) agreement |
| propriété des résultats | ownership of results / IP ownership |
| résultats antérieurs / connaissances antérieures | background IP / pre-existing IP |
| résultats de la recherche / résultats développés | foreground IP / developed IP |
| liberté d'exploitation | freedom to operate (FTO) |
| territoire de la licence | licensed territory |
| domaine d'utilisation | field of use |

## Enforcement Terms

| French | English |
|---|---|
| saisie-contrefaçon | seizure for infringement / search and seizure order |
| mesures provisoires / mesures conservatoires | interim measures / preliminary injunction |
| injonction | injunction |
| dommages et intérêts | damages |
| destruction des produits contrefaisants | destruction of infringing goods |
| publication du jugement | publication of the judgment |
| concurrence déloyale | unfair competition |
| parasitisme | free-riding / misappropriation |

## Section Headings

| French | English |
|---|---|
| DÉFINITIONS | DEFINITIONS |
| OBJET DE LA LICENCE | SCOPE OF THE LICENSE |
| PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY |
| DROITS CONCÉDÉS | RIGHTS GRANTED |
| REDEVANCES | ROYALTIES |
| DURÉE ET RÉSILIATION | TERM AND TERMINATION |
| GARANTIES | WARRANTIES |
| CONFIDENTIALITÉ | CONFIDENTIALITY |
| DISPOSITIONS GÉNÉRALES | MISCELLANEOUS |

## Notes

- **"Marque" spelling**: Use "trade mark" (two words, UK) or "trademark" (one word, US)
  depending on target audience. Default to US (one word: trademark).
- **"Droit d'auteur" vs "copyright"**: French droit d'auteur includes moral rights
  (attribution, integrity) that are perpetual and non-transferable. Common law copyright is
  primarily economic. Translate as "copyright" but flag the moral rights distinction.
- **"Saisie-contrefaçon"**: A specifically French ex parte procedure allowing the IP
  holder to obtain evidence of infringement by court-ordered seizure. No direct common
  law equivalent. Translate as "seizure for infringement" or "search and seizure order".
- **"Concurrence déloyale" and "parasitisme"**: French unfair competition concepts.
  "Parasitisme" specifically covers free-riding on another's reputation or investment
  without direct competition. No exact English equivalent — translate as "free-riding"
  or "misappropriation" with context.
- **INPI**: Institut National de la Propriété Industrielle — the French patent and
  trade mark office. Keep the abbreviation "INPI" and translate on first mention.

---

## Part 2 — IT, Software and SaaS

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps French IT/SaaS legal terms to their
correct English equivalents.

## Core IT/SaaS Document Terms

| French | English |
|---|---|
| contrat SaaS / contrat de logiciel en tant que service | SaaS agreement |
| contrat de licence de logiciel | software licence agreement (UK) / software license agreement (US) |
| contrat de services cloud / contrat d'informatique en nuage | cloud services agreement |
| contrat de développement de logiciel | software development agreement |
| contrat de maintenance | maintenance agreement |
| contrat d'intégration de systèmes | systems integration agreement |
| contrat d'hébergement | hosting agreement |
| contrat d'infogérance | IT outsourcing agreement / managed services agreement |
| prestataire / fournisseur | provider / supplier |
| client / utilisateur | customer / user |
| utilisateur final | end user |
| licence d'utilisation | right of use / user license |
| droit d'accès | access right |
| abonnement | subscription |
| redevance d'abonnement | subscription fee |
| redevance de licence | license fee |
| frais d'installation / frais de mise en service | set-up fees / implementation fees |
| frais de maintenance | maintenance fees |

## Technical Terms

| French | English |
|---|---|
| logiciel | software |
| logiciel standard / progiciel | off-the-shelf software / standard software |
| logiciel sur mesure / développement spécifique | bespoke software / custom software |
| code source | source code |
| code objet | object code |
| séquestre du code source | source code escrow |
| interface de programmation applicative (API) | application programming interface (API) |
| base de données | database |
| infrastructure | infrastructure |
| serveur | server |
| centre de données | data centre (UK) / data center (US) |
| bande passante | bandwidth |
| stockage | storage |
| sauvegarde | backup |
| restauration | recovery / restore |
| migration (des données) | data migration |
| interopérabilité | interoperability |
| intégration | integration |
| paramétrage / configuration | configuration |
| personnalisation | customisation (UK) / customization (US) |
| mise à jour | update |
| mise à niveau / montée de version | upgrade |
| correctif | patch / hotfix |
| version | release / version |
| environnement de production | production environment |
| environnement de test / recette | test environment / staging environment |

## Service Level Terms

| French | English |
|---|---|
| niveau de service | service level |
| accord de niveau de service (SLA) | service level agreement (SLA) |
| disponibilité | availability / uptime |
| taux de disponibilité | availability rate / uptime percentage |
| temps d'indisponibilité | downtime |
| indisponibilité programmée / maintenance programmée | scheduled downtime / planned maintenance |
| temps de réponse | response time |
| temps de résolution | resolution time |
| incident | incident |
| incident majeur / incident critique | major incident / critical incident |
| gestion des incidents | incident management |
| escalade | escalation |
| pénalités de service / crédits de service | service credits |
| plan de reprise d'activité (PRA) | disaster recovery plan (DRP) |
| plan de continuité d'activité (PCA) | business continuity plan (BCP) |
| objectif de temps de reprise (RTO) | recovery time objective (RTO) |
| objectif de point de reprise (RPO) | recovery point objective (RPO) |

## Data Protection and Security

| French | English |
|---|---|
| données à caractère personnel | personal data |
| responsable du traitement | data controller |
| sous-traitant (au sens du RGPD) | data processor |
| accord de traitement des données / DPA | data processing agreement (DPA) |
| transfert de données hors UE | cross-border data transfer / data transfer outside the EU |
| clauses contractuelles types (CCT) | standard contractual clauses (SCCs) |
| analyse d'impact relative à la protection des données (AIPD) | data protection impact assessment (DPIA) |
| violation de données / fuite de données | data breach |
| chiffrement | encryption |
| pseudonymisation | pseudonymization (US default; UK / GDPR text: pseudonymisation) |
| anonymisation | anonymization (US default; UK / GDPR text: anonymisation) |

## Section Headings

| French | English |
|---|---|
| OBJET / ÉTENDUE DES SERVICES | SCOPE OF SERVICES |
| DROIT D'UTILISATION / LICENCE | RIGHT OF USE / LICENSE |
| NIVEAUX DE SERVICE | SERVICE LEVELS |
| HÉBERGEMENT ET INFRASTRUCTURE | HOSTING AND INFRASTRUCTURE |
| MAINTENANCE ET SUPPORT | MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT |
| PROTECTION DES DONNÉES | DATA PROTECTION |
| SÉCURITÉ | SECURITY |
| PRIX ET PAIEMENT | FEES AND PAYMENT |
| RESPONSABILITÉ | LIABILITY |

## Notes

- **"Licence" (FR) / "License"**: French uses "licence" (with -ce) for both noun and
  verb (the noun "licence" and the verb "licencier" are written with -c-). UK English
  uses "licence" (noun) / "license" (verb). US English uses "license" for both noun
  and verb. Default to US "license" (single form covers both noun and verb in US).
- **"Infogérance"**: A specifically French term for IT outsourcing / managed services.
  No single English equivalent — translate based on the specific services being provided.
- **"Recette"**: In French IT contracts, "recette" refers to acceptance testing (UAT).
  Translate as "acceptance testing" or "user acceptance testing", not "recipe".
- **"Réversibilité"**: The process of migrating data and services back to the client
  or a new provider at end of contract. Translate as "exit" or "disengagement" —
  standard in IT outsourcing contexts.
