---
name: nov-response
title: Notice of Violation Response
description: Drafts formal responses to governmental Notices of Violation, covering acknowledgment, factual timeline, legal defenses, mitigation, and proposed corrective action. Use when responding to environmental enforcement actions, regulatory citations, compliance violations, or governmental NOVs from agencies including EPA, OSHA, state environmental departments, or local code enforcement.
author: CaseMark
author_url: https://github.com/CaseMark/skills/tree/main/skills/legal/nov-response
license: Apache-2.0
version: 0.1.0
execution_mode: open
jurisdiction: us
practice: environmental
language: en
tags: [litigation, regulatory, letter, drafting]
---

# Notice of Violation Response

Drafts a formal NOV response that defends the client's position while building a cooperative administrative record for dismissal, penalty reduction, or negotiated resolution.

---

## Related skills

- `consent-decree-epa` — when the matter escalates to a federal consent decree.
- `environmental-regulation-summaries` — for governing-statute identification when the cited provision is unfamiliar.
- `compliance-summaries` — when the NOV reveals a broader compliance posture problem.
- `legal-research` and `legal-memo` — for substantive defense research.
- `litigation-case-strategy` — when the NOV is a precursor to enforcement litigation.

## Prerequisites

Gather before drafting:

- **Original NOV** — case/citation number, dates (issued + received), delivery method, cited provisions
- **Client facts** — chronological timeline, extenuating circumstances, compliance history
- **Supporting docs** — permits, correspondence, photos, receipts, expert opinions, witness statements
- **Regulatory framework** — applicable statutes, regulations, admin codes, response deadline
- **Submission rules** — deadline, delivery method, formatting, authentication requirements (notarization, verification under penalty of perjury)

## Response Structure

### 1. Header Block

Include sender (full legal name, business, address, contact), date, recipient (title, department, agency, address), and Re: line (NOV case number + date issued).

### 2. Introduction & Acknowledgment

- State receipt date and delivery method
- Summarize alleged violations using exact language and citation numbers from the NOV
- Reference all cited regulatory code sections
- State purpose: address allegations, provide factual context, seek resolution

### 3. Factual Explanation & Timeline

Chronological, objective account with specific dates, times, locations. Address applicable items:

- [ ] Unforeseen events or emergencies beyond respondent's control
- [ ] Reliance on professional advice, permits, or prior approvals
- [ ] Misunderstanding of complex or recently changed requirements
- [ ] Good faith compliance efforts underway at time of citation
- [ ] Factual errors in the original notice

Reference supporting documentation by exhibit label for each assertion.

### 4. Legal Defense & Mitigation

**Procedural defenses** — improper jurisdiction/service, statute of limitations, failure to follow required procedure

**Substantive defenses** — conduct doesn't violate cited provision, regulatory ambiguity + reasonable interpretation, applicable exemption/variance, constitutional protections

**Mitigation factors** — unintentional violation, clean compliance history, minimal/no actual harm, corrective action already taken

Cite statutory sections in proper legal citation format. Flag uncertain citations with [VERIFY].

### 5. Proposed Resolution

State requested relief in preference order:

1. **Dismissal** — based on legal/factual defenses
2. **Penalty reduction** — based on mitigation factors
3. **Compliance agreement** — specific benchmarks and timeline
4. **Hearing request** — invoke procedural rights with preferred format/timing
5. **Enhanced compliance** — beyond minimum requirements as goodwill

For corrective actions: completed actions with dates and documentation; ongoing actions with realistic milestones.

### 6. Conclusion

State relief sought, reiterate compliance commitment, provide preferred contact method, offer to supply additional information.

### 7. Signature Block

Full legal name, title/relationship, date. If representative: "Authorized to act on behalf of [Respondent Name]." Include notarization or verification language if required.

## Pitfalls & Checks

- **Address every violation** — omissions are treated as admissions in many jurisdictions
- **Tone** — assertive on merits but cooperative; never dismissive or adversarial
- **No speculation** — every factual statement must be verifiable
- **FRE awareness** — assume response may become an exhibit; avoid unintended admissions against interest
- **Deadline** — confirm and prominently note; late responses may waive rights
- **Proof of service** — use delivery method with verifiable record (certified mail return receipt, e-filing confirmation, stamped hand-delivery copy)
- **Jurisdiction rules** — verify agency-specific form requirements, page limits, or mandatory language before drafting
- **Retain copies** — complete copies of response and all attachments for client file

---

## Troubleshooting

- **Deadline already passed.** A late response may waive procedural rights but does not waive substantive defenses. File anyway, address the lateness directly with a request for leave to respond, and document the cause of delay (mail-delivery failure, agency error in service, etc.) with supporting evidence.
- **NOV cites a regulation that has been repealed or amended.** Address both the version cited and the version currently in force. If the cited version was never in force at the time of the alleged conduct, raise that as a procedural defense in Section 4.
- **Multiple respondents named (parent + sub, multiple operators).** Coordinate before responding — divergent factual accounts among co-respondents become impeachment material. Joint response with separate attorney verification is often cleanest where interests align; separate responses with cross-referencing where they don't.
- **Agency informally indicated the NOV is "just a record."** Do not rely on informal assurances. Treat every NOV as a potential predicate to enforcement action; the response is the only piece of the administrative record the respondent controls.
- **Underlying facts are still under investigation.** Where facts are genuinely in flux, respond with what is known, identify the scope of pending investigation, and request leave to supplement. Silence or hedging without explanation is treated as admission in many jurisdictions.
