# Finnish — Employment Sub-Lexicon

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Finnish employment legal terms to their
correct English equivalents.

## Core Employment Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| työsopimus | employment contract / labour (UK) / labor (US) contract |
| työsuhde | employment relationship |
| työnantaja | employer |
| työntekijä | employee / worker |
| toistaiseksi voimassa oleva työsopimus | open-ended employment contract / permanent contract |
| määräaikainen työsopimus | fixed-term employment contract |
| osa-aikainen työsopimus | part-time employment contract |
| vuokratyö / henkilöstövuokraus | temporary agency work / labour (UK) / labor (US) hire |
| vuokratyöntekijä | temporary agency worker |
| itsenäinen ammatinharjoittaja / yrittäjä | independent contractor / self-employed person |
| työsuhteen tunnusmerkit | characteristics of employment relationship |
| koeaika | probationary period / trial period |
| tehtävänkuvaus / työnkuva | job description |
| työn suorittamispaikka | place of work |
| työaika | working hours / working time |
| säännöllinen työaika | regular working hours |
| liukuva työaika | flexible working hours / flextime |
| joustotyöaika | flexible working time (autonomous) |
| ylityö | overtime |
| ylityökorvaus | overtime compensation |
| etätyö / hybridityö | remote work / hybrid work |

## Remuneration Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| palkka / palkkaus | wages / salary / remuneration |
| peruspalkka | base salary |
| bruttopalkka | gross salary |
| nettopalkka | net salary |
| tulospalkkio / bonus | performance bonus |
| luontoisedut | benefits in kind / fringe benefits |
| autoetu | company car benefit |
| puhelinetu | telephone benefit |
| asuntoetu | housing benefit |
| työeläkevakuutus (TyEL) | employees' pension insurance (TyEL) |
| sairausvakuutus | health insurance |
| työttömyysvakuutus | unemployment insurance |
| tapaturmavakuutus | occupational accident insurance |
| sosiaalivakuutusmaksut | social insurance contributions |
| henkilöstörahasto | employee fund |
| optio-ohjelma | stock option programme (UK) / program (US) |

## Leave and Absence Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| vuosiloma | annual leave / annual holiday |
| vuosiloman ansainta | accrual of annual leave |
| vuosilomakorvaus | holiday pay / annual leave compensation |
| lomaraha / lomaltapaluuraha | holiday bonus |
| sairauspoissaolo / sairausloma | sick leave |
| sairausajan palkka | sick pay |
| sairauspäiväraha | sickness allowance (Kela) |
| perhevapaat | family leave |
| äitiysvapaa | maternity leave |
| isyysvapaa / vanhempainvapaa | paternity leave / parental leave |
| vanhempainvapaa | parental leave |
| hoitovapaa | childcare leave |
| omaishoitovapaa | carer's leave |
| opintovapaa | study leave |
| vuorotteluvapaa | job alternation leave |

## Termination Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| työsuhteen päättyminen | termination of employment |
| irtisanominen | dismissal with notice / termination with notice |
| purkaminen | summary dismissal / termination without notice |
| yhteinen sopimus / sopimus työsuhteen päättämisestä | termination by mutual agreement |
| irtisanoutuminen | resignation |
| irtisanomisaika | notice period |
| irtisanomisperuste | grounds for dismissal |
| henkilökohtainen peruste | personal grounds (for dismissal) |
| tuotannolliset ja taloudelliset perusteet | financial and production-related grounds / redundancy |
| yhteistoimintaneuvottelut (yt-neuvottelut) | co-determination negotiations / redundancy consultations |
| yhteistoimintalaki | Co-determination Act (Act on Co-operation within Undertakings) |
| takaisinottovelvollisuus | re-employment obligation |
| korvaus perusteettomasta irtisanomisesta | compensation for unjustified dismissal |
| työtodistus | employment certificate / reference |
| kilpailukielto (työsuhde) | post-employment non-compete |
| kilpailukieltosopimus | non-compete agreement |
| kilpailukieltokorvaus | non-compete compensation |

## Collective Labor Terms

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| ammattiliitto / ammattijärjestö | trade union (UK) / labor union (US) |
| työnantajaliitto | employers' association |
| työehtosopimus (TES) | collective agreement / collective bargaining agreement |
| yleissitovuus | universal applicability / general binding effect |
| työehtosopimusneuvottelut | collective bargaining |
| lakko | strike |
| työsulku | lockout |
| luottamusmies | shop steward / employee representative |
| työsuojeluvaltuutettu | occupational safety representative |
| yhteistoimintaneuvottelu | co-determination negotiation |

## Section Headings

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| osapuolet | PARTIES |
| tehtävät ja vastuu | DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES |
| vuosiloma / lomat | LEAVE |
| sosiaaliturva ja edut | SOCIAL INSURANCE AND BENEFITS |
| kilpailukielto | NON-COMPETE |
| salassapito | CONFIDENTIALITY |
| loppumääräykset | FINAL PROVISIONS |

## Notes

- **Employment Contracts Act (työsopimuslaki, 55/2001)**: Finland's principal employment
  legislation. Governs the formation, terms, and termination of employment contracts.
  Reference as "Employment Contracts Act" on first mention.
- **"Yleissitovuus" (universal applicability)**: Finnish collective agreements can be declared
  universally applicable, meaning they bind all employers in the sector — including non-
  organized employers. This is a distinctive feature of the Finnish labor market. Flag
  the applicable collective agreement.
- **"Yhteistoimintaneuvottelut" (co-determination negotiations)**: Under the Co-determination
  Act (yhteistoimintalaki, 1333/2021), employers with 20+ employees must conduct negotiations
  before redundancies, reorganizations, or other significant changes. Minimum negotiation
  periods apply (14 days or 6 weeks). Flag the obligation.
- **"Kilpailukieltosopimus" (non-compete agreement)**: Post-employment non-competes are
  regulated by the Employment Contracts Act. Maximum duration: 1 year (6 months if no
  compensation). Since 2022, employers must pay compensation for all non-competes exceeding
  6 months. Flag the compensation requirement.
- **"Koeaika" (probationary period)**: Maximum 6 months. During probation, either party
  may terminate with immediate effect (no notice period required), but not on discriminatory
  or otherwise improper grounds. Flag the limitations.
- **Collective agreement system**: Finnish labor law is heavily shaped by collective
  agreements. Approximately 90% of employees are covered. The collective agreement
  determines many employment terms including pay scales, working time, and overtime
  compensation. Always identify the applicable collective agreement.

## Additional Finnish Employment Mappings (extended)

| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| työsopimuslaki (TSL) — 55/2001 | Employment Contracts Act |
| työaikalaki — 872/2019 | Working Time Act |
| vuosilomalaki — 162/2005 | Annual Leave Act |
| yhdenvertaisuuslaki | Non-Discrimination Act |
| tasa-arvolaki | Equality Act (gender) |
| työturvallisuuslaki — 738/2002 | Occupational Safety and Health Act |
| työterveyshuoltolaki | Occupational Healthcare Act |
| työtapaturma- ja ammattitautilaki | Occupational Accidents and Diseases Act |
| työsuojelu | occupational safety and health |
| työaikapankki | working-time bank / working-time account |
| käyttäjäyritys | user enterprise (in agency work) |
| yrittäjämyönteinen työsopimus / zero-tuntisopimus | zero-hours contract (limited use under TSL) |
| lomautus | temporary lay-off (the Finnish furlough form) |
| takaisinottovelvollisuus (4 kk / 6 kk) | re-employment obligation (4 months / 6 months depending on service length) |
| irtisanomissuoja (§ 7 TSL) | dismissal protection |
| asiallinen ja painava syy | objective and weighty reason (for dismissal) |
| tuotannolliset ja taloudelliset syyt | production-related and economic reasons |
| lähettyneet työntekijät | posted workers (Directive 96/71/EC implementation) |
| TyEL-maksu | TyEL pension contribution |
| työntekijän eläkelaki (TyEL) | Employees' Pensions Act |
| YEL (yrittäjän eläkelaki) | Self-Employed Persons' Pensions Act |
| työttömyysturva | unemployment insurance |
| ansiosidonnainen työttömyyspäiväraha | earnings-related unemployment benefit |
| peruspäiväraha | basic unemployment allowance |
| työmarkkinatuki | labor market subsidy |
| luottamushenkilö | shop steward / trade-union representative |
| luottamusvaltuutettu | elected representative (non-union workplace) |
| henkilöstön edustaja | personnel representative |
