# Spanish — Employment Sub-Lexicon

Auto-generated from translation experience. Maps Spanish employment and labour law terms to
their correct English equivalents.

## Core Employment Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| contrato de trabajo | employment contract / contract of employment |
| contrato indefinido | permanent employment contract / indefinite-term contract |
| contrato temporal / contrato de duración determinada | fixed-term employment contract |
| contrato de interinidad | temporary replacement contract |
| contrato de trabajo a tiempo parcial | part-time employment contract |
| contrato de formación y aprendizaje | training and apprenticeship contract |
| contrato en prácticas | traineeship contract |
| empresario / empleador | employer |
| trabajador / empleado | employee |
| directivo / alto directivo | executive / senior executive |
| relación laboral de carácter especial de alta dirección | senior management employment relationship |
| periodo de prueba | probationary period / trial period |
| jornada laboral / jornada de trabajo | working time / working day |
| jornada máxima legal (40 horas semanales) | statutory maximum working week (40 hours) |
| horas extraordinarias | overtime |
| trabajo a tiempo parcial | part-time work |
| trabajo a tiempo completo | full-time work |
| teletrabajo / trabajo a distancia | remote working / teleworking |
| centro de trabajo | workplace / place of work |
| cláusula de movilidad geográfica | mobility clause |
| categoría profesional / grupo profesional | job category / professional group |
| convenio colectivo | collective bargaining agreement |

## Remuneration Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| retribución / salario | remuneration / salary |
| salario bruto | gross salary |
| salario neto | net salary |
| salario base | basic salary / base salary |
| salario mínimo interprofesional (SMI) | statutory minimum wage (SMI) |
| complementos salariales | salary supplements / allowances |
| plus de antigüedad | seniority bonus / long-service bonus |
| paga extraordinaria | bonus payment / extraordinary payment (13th/14th salary) |
| participación en beneficios | profit-sharing |
| retribución variable / bonus | variable pay / bonus |
| plan de opciones sobre acciones (stock options) | stock options / share options |
| retribución en especie | benefits in kind |
| vehículo de empresa | company car |
| dietas / gastos de desplazamiento | per diem / travel allowance |
| cotizaciones a la Seguridad Social (empresa) | employer's social security contributions |
| cotizaciones a la Seguridad Social (trabajador) | employee's social security contributions |
| nómina | payslip |

## Termination Terms

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| despido | dismissal / termination of employment |
| despido disciplinario | dismissal for cause / disciplinary dismissal |
| despido colectivo / ERE (Expediente de Regulación de Empleo) | collective redundancy / collective dismissal |
| despido procedente | fair dismissal |
| extinción por mutuo acuerdo | termination by mutual consent |
| dimisión / baja voluntaria | resignation |
| jubilación | retirement |
| preaviso | notice period |
| indemnización por despido | severance pay / compensation for dismissal |
| indemnización por despido improcedente | compensation for unfair dismissal |
| salarios de tramitación | interim wages / back pay (during proceedings) |
| finiquito / liquidación | final settlement / terminal payment |
| carta de despido | dismissal letter |
| papeleta de conciliación | conciliation claim (mandatory pre-litigation step) |
| acto de conciliación | conciliation hearing |
| pacto de no competencia post-contractual | post-termination non-compete clause |
| compensación económica (no competencia) | non-compete compensation |
| pacto de no captación | non-solicitation clause |
| pacto de permanencia | minimum service clause / retention clause |
| cláusula de confidencialidad | confidentiality clause |

## Collective Labour Law

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| convenio colectivo sectorial | sector-level collective bargaining agreement |
| convenio colectivo de empresa | company-level collective bargaining agreement |
| negociación colectiva | collective bargaining |
| comité de empresa | works council |
| delegado de personal | employee representative / staff delegate |
| delegado sindical | trade union representative |
| sección sindical | trade union section |
| derecho de huelga | right to strike |
| huelga | strike |
| cierre patronal / lockout | lockout |
| Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social | Labour and Social Security Inspectorate |
| Juzgado de lo Social | employment tribunal / labour court |
| acoso laboral / mobbing | workplace bullying / harassment |
| acoso sexual | sexual harassment |
| discriminación | discrimination |
| ERTE (Expediente de Regulación Temporal de Empleo) | temporary collective layoff / short-time working scheme |

## Secondment and International Mobility

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| desplazamiento (de trabajadores) | posting (of workers) |
| expatriación | expatriation / international assignment |
| carta de desplazamiento / adenda de expatriación | secondment agreement / assignment letter |
| país de origen | home country |
| país de destino / país de acogida | host country |
| ley aplicable al contrato de trabajo | applicable law of the employment contract |
| protección social / Seguridad Social | social security coverage |
| certificado A1 | A1 certificate (EU social security) |
| régimen de Seguridad Social | social security scheme |
| igualación fiscal | tax equalisation |

## Section Headings

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| FUNCIONES Y RESPONSABILIDADES | DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES |
| RETRIBUCIÓN | REMUNERATION |
| JORNADA DE TRABAJO | WORKING TIME |
| VACACIONES Y PERMISOS | LEAVE / HOLIDAYS |
| PACTO DE NO COMPETENCIA | NON-COMPETE |
| CONFIDENCIALIDAD | CONFIDENTIALITY |
| PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL E INDUSTRIAL | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY |
| EXTINCIÓN | TERMINATION |
| DISPOSICIONES DIVERSAS | MISCELLANEOUS |

## Notes

- **"Despido improcedente"**: Under Spanish law, if a dismissal is declared "improcedente"
  (unfair), the employer can choose between reinstatement or paying compensation (currently
  33 days' salary per year of service, capped at 24 months). This is a key distinction
  from common law unfair dismissal. Translate as "unfair dismissal" with a note.
- **"ERE" / "ERTE"**: ERE (Expediente de Regulación de Empleo) is a collective dismissal
  process requiring administrative procedure and worker consultation. ERTE is the temporary
  version (suspension or reduction of hours). Translate descriptively.
- **"Alto directivo"**: Senior executives subject to a special employment regime
  (RD 1382/1985) with different rules on notice, severance, and non-compete.
- **"Salarios de tramitación"**: Wages payable for the period between dismissal and the
  court ruling, if the dismissal is declared unfair or void. Translate as "interim wages"
  or "back pay" with context.
- **Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET)**: The main Spanish employment statute.
  Reference as "Spanish Workers' Statute" on first mention.

## Additional Lawlinguists-validated Spanish Employment Mappings

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET — RD Legislativo 2/2015) | Workers' Statute |
| contrato temporal (por obra, eventual, interinidad) | fixed-term employment contract (restricted post-2021 reform: Ley 32/2021) |
| contrato fijo-discontinuo | permanent-seasonal employment contract |
| contrato formativo | training contract / apprenticeship contract |
| salario bruto / neto | gross / net salary |
| pagas extraordinarias | extraordinary salary payments (typically two per year — Christmas and summer) |
| despido objetivo | objective-grounds dismissal (economic, technical, organisational or productive reasons) |
| despido colectivo | collective dismissal (Expediente de Regulación de Empleo — ERE) |
| ERE (Expediente de Regulación de Empleo) | collective-redundancy procedure |
| despido improcedente | unfair dismissal (entitles compensation or reinstatement) |
| despido nulo | null dismissal (discriminatory / protected grounds — mandatory reinstatement) |
| readmisión | reinstatement |
| finiquito | final settlement / severance receipt |
| SMAC (Servicio de Mediación, Arbitraje y Conciliación) | Mediation, Arbitration and Conciliation Service |
| resolución por voluntad del trabajador (Art. 50 ET) | constructive dismissal / employee-initiated termination |
| excedencia | leave of absence / unpaid leave |
| excedencia voluntaria / forzosa | voluntary / mandatory leave of absence |
| reducción de jornada | working-time reduction |
| jornada laboral | working hours |
| registro de jornada | working-time register (mandatory since 2019) |
| Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social (ITSS) | Labour and Social Security Inspectorate |
| Seguridad Social | Social Security |
| cotización a la Seguridad Social | social security contribution |
| Régimen General de la Seguridad Social | general social security regime |
| Régimen Especial de Trabajadores Autónomos (RETA) | special regime for self-employed workers |
| autónomo | self-employed worker |
| autónomo económicamente dependiente (TRADE) | economically-dependent self-employed worker (TRADE) |
| SEPE (Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal) | State Public Employment Service |
| prestación por desempleo | unemployment benefit |
